The European Food Safety Authority (EFSA) is the agency of the European Union (EU) that provides independent scientific advice and communicates on existing and emerging risks associated with the food chain. EFSA was established in February 2002, is based in Parma, Italy, and for 2021 it has a budget of €118.6 million, and a total staff of 542.The work of EFSA covers all matters with a direct or indirect impact on food and feed safety, including animal health and welfare, plant protection and plant health and nutrition. EFSA supports the European Commission, the European Parliament and EU member states in taking effective and timely risk management decisions that ensure the protection of the health of European consumers and the safety of the food and feed chain. EFSA also communicates to the public in an open and transparent way on all matters within its remit.
Several scientific initiatives are underway to modernise and advance chemical environmental risk assessment (ERA), supporting the shift from conventional practices toward more mechanistic, integrated, and systems-based approaches. These developments aim to enhance ecological realism, improve predictive capacity, reduce reliance on animal testing, and foster greater alignment across sectors, ultimately contributing to better protection of biodiversity and the environment. Yet, translating these innovative approaches into regulatory practice remains challenging due to fragmented efforts and limited alignment between research and policy. To address this gap, the European Partnership for the Assessment of Risks from Chemicals (PARC) is fostering structured dialogue and stakeholder engagement to align research and innovation with regulatory needs. Within PARC, a proposed solution is the development of the MIND platform—Map, Integrate, Network, Drive—envisioned as a strategic and collaborative space that connects people, practices, and resources across disciplines and regulatory domains. MIND aims to encourage collaboration and knowledge sharing and integration, gradually connecting fragmented initiatives to build a more integrated and interoperable ERA knowledge ecosystem. By encouraging collaboration, improving data sharing, and enhancing policy relevance, MIND seeks to accelerate the uptake of advanced ERA approaches in regulatory practice, with a particular focus on safeguarding biodiversity. Over time, this may contribute to Europe’s sustainability objectives and the ambitions of the European Green Deal.
BackgroundCarbapenem-resistant Enterobacterales pose a significant public health threat, particularly when detected in food-producing animals and retail meat. Although carbapenems are not used in European Union animal production, sporadic cases of carbapenemase-producing Escherichia coli have emerged across multiple European countries since 2019. The detection of human-associated carbapenemase genes in meat raises concerns about potential transmission to humans through the food chain.MethodsIn this study, we characterize three multidrug-resistant (MDR) E. coli isolates harboring blaNDM-5 recovered from retail beef and pork in Hungary in 2021. E. coli isolates were subjected to phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing using broth microdilution, conjugation experiments, and genotypic characterization through whole-genome sequencing using Illumina and Oxford Nanopore platforms. Hybrid assemblies enabled comprehensive comparative genomic and plasmid analyses.ResultsAll three isolates belonged to the human-associated uropathogenic clone ST405 (O102:H6) and were clonally related with a maximum of two single nucleotide polymorphisms. They exhibited identical genomic profiles conferring resistance to carbapenems, cephalosporins, fluoroquinolones, tetracycline, and azithromycin. Comparative genomic analysis revealed close genetic relationships with human clinical isolates from Australia and the United Kingdom, suggesting international dissemination. The blaNDM-5 gene was located on conjugative IncFII-IncFIB hybrid plasmids (approximately 132 kb) closely related to clinical plasmids from human isolates in the United States, differing only by the absence of a blaCTX-M-15-ISEcp1 transposition unit.ConclusionThe detection of human-associated blaNDM-5-carrying E. coli ST405 in retail meat represents a serious food safety concern, highlighting potential transmission routes to humans and emphasizing the need for enhanced surveillance and epidemiological investigations.
