European University of Madrid

The aim of this study was to assess the impact of a hybrid Sport Education (SE) and Nonlinear Pedagogy (NLP) program, in comparison to a single NLP program, on pre-service teachers' motivation and satisfaction during their initial training. The programs were implemented in football teaching at the university level, with the aim of preparing participants to apply these approaches in educational contexts. Participants were 67 pre-service teachers divided into two groups. One group experienced a hybrid SE+NLP program, and the second group experienced the NLP program. A 2 (pedagogical model) x 2 (test time) multivariate analysis of variance was performed. Results showed significant pre-post differences in students' intrinsic motivation, amotivation, and satisfaction with the teaching-learning process (teaching, interaction with others, and fun/enjoyment) only in the hybrid SE+NLP program. These results showed that SE can complement models such NLP to produce positive outcomes. If the goal is to ensure that future in-service teachers can implement pedagogical models effectively, proper training at the college level is required.

Background Research on grief has extensively categorised different characteristics that affect the grieving process, such as coping styles and risk factors. Despite this, there is still a relative lack of phenomenological descriptions of the typologies of grief complications. Purpose This study aimed to develop a comprehensive set of categories and typologies of grief complications through a qualitative analysis of therapeutic sessions conducted within the framework of Emotion-Focused Therapy for individuals experiencing Complicated Grief. Method Using ideal-type analysis and theoretically informed descriptive-interpretive qualitative research, the researchers analysed video and transcript data from 26 participants (76 sessions in total). Findings The study presents categories (e.g., multiple losses) of complications across seven domains, such as the nature of the death, the relationship with the deceased, emotional experiences and emotional difficulties, problematic self-treatments, symptoms and contextual stressors. Furthermore, six ideal types of grief complication were found: 1. Broken/Shocked by the Death; 2. Vulnerable Without You; 3. The Lost Paradise; 4. You Left Me All Alone; 5. Regret and Guilt Over Non-Action; 6. The Death Prevents Any Chance of Resolution of Conflicts. Conclusions The findings highlight that complications often emerge from core emotional processes (e.g., unresolved attachment injuries) rather than symptoms alone. This typology offers a phenomenologically and clinically relevant framework for understanding the heterogeneity of grief complications, suggesting a more tailored therapeutic approach for various types of grief complications.

Objectives: To evaluate the clinical effectiveness and safety of natural products compared with chlorhexidine (CHX) as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT) in patients with periodontitis. Materials and Methods: This systematic review was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 guidelines and registered in PROSPERO (CRD420251133219). Electronic searches of PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science were performed to identify randomized controlled trials (RCTs) published between 2020 and 2025. Eligible studies included adult patients with periodontitis treated with NSPT, comparing CHX-based products with natural formulations (mouthwashes, gels, irrigants, or dentifrices). Data extraction included product type, concentration, mode of application, follow-up duration, and primary periodontal outcomes. Study quality was assessed using the NIH Quality Assessment Tool. Results: Thirteen randomized controlled clinical trials met the inclusion criteria. Natural products such as Curcuma longa, Morus alba, Spirulina platensis, Propolis, Triphala, and Lycium barbarum demonstrated improvements in clinical attachment level (CAL) and probing pocket depth (PPD) comparable to those obtained with CHX, along with significant reductions in bleeding on probing (BoP) and plaque index (PI). Probiotic- and ozone-based treatments also showed favorable clinical outcomes, with faster healing and fewer adverse effects, such as tooth staining and taste alteration. Follow-up periods ranged from 14 days to 3 months. Conclusions: Natural products appear to be safe and effective alternatives to CHX when used as adjuncts to non-surgical periodontal therapy, providing comparable clinical benefits with a lower incidence of side effects. Nevertheless, further large-scale, long-term randomized trials are needed to standardize formulations and concentrations and to confirm the durability of these clinical effects.

This study aims to investigate the increase in reaction times in fencers and its relationship with physical and mental fatigue. Changes in heart rate (HR) and oxygen saturation (SO₂) were used as indicators of physical fatigue, while variations in reaction time to light-based reactive tasks were employed to assess both physical and mental fatigue, measured after warm-up and post-training. A group of 48 fencers performed a 10-minute warm-up followed by a 15-point bout, simulating a regular competition. ANOVA and Friedman tests were conducted to identify statistically significant differences in reaction times for different reactive tasks: Simple Reaction time (SRT), Elective reaction time (ERT), Go-non-Go task (G/NG), and decision making tasks (DM4), including lunge (DML), break (DMB) and march (DMM) tasks, under three distinct conditions based on different fatigue levels: at rest (R), after warm-up (WU), and post training (PT). It was found that most reaction times that were studied were significantly higher in the PT than at R (SRT1PT-R = 70 ms, ERT2pT-R = 58 ms, G/NG3pT-R = 64ms, DM4pT-R = 125 ms, DML4 PT-R = 125 ms , DMM4 PT-R = 130ms ), suggesting a considerable impact of physical activity and fatigue on these exercises, negatively affecting the speed and accuracy of responses. These findings highlight that fatigue plays a critical role in sports like fencing, where the ability to make quick and accurate decisions is essential, and underline the importance of efficiently managing physical and mental fatigue to optimize performance in competitive situations.

Factor V is an essential protein in the blood clotting process and plays a central role in secondary hemostasis. Its deficiency causes a rare inherited disorder characterized by episodes of severe bleeding, some of which can be life-threatening. Although previous studies have established that factor V is essential for normal embryonic development, its specific contribution to vascular maturation remains incompletely understood, factor V is believed to contribute to blood vessel stabilization and regulate angiogenesis through its interaction with thrombin. In a recent study, a CRISPR-engineered mouse model intended to produced a mild factor V deficiency disease, unexpectedly produced a frameshift mutation in the A3 domain, resulting in a truncated protein. Factor V levels in healthy embryonic mouse tissues were assessed to investigate its role at different developmental stages. The mutation markedly impaired viability, as homozygous mice exhibited a lethal phenotype with severe bleeding and perinatal death, along with impaired coagulation function. Histopathological and immunohistochemical analyses indicated a link between factor V deficiency, thrombin and α-smooth muscle actin, potentially affecting proangiogenic signaling and embryonic vascular formation. Factor V gene expression increased during late embryogenesis, underscoring its importance in vascular development and maturation. Overall, these findings are consistent with a role for factor V in stabilizing embryonic blood vessels and modulating thrombin-dependent angiogenesis, and add further detail on the developmental impact of its deficiency and the pathogenesis of congenital bleeding disorders.