The pinhole camera is the ubiquitous model for well-focused imaging systems but is physically unrealistic in the sense that it does not take into account the fact that the scene being imagined lies in front of the camera. Taking this directional information into account leads to the concepts of oriented projective shape and oriented projective shape space. Furthermore, in previous work it was shown that the resulting extrinsic statistical techniques for independent samples of twodimensional image data have greater statistical power than comparable statistical techniques which ignore directional information. In this work we develop a novel matched pairs test for two-dimensional oriented projective shapes. This methodology is applied to the problem of doppelg & auml;nger or body double identification in the case of Russian president Vladimir Putin where we use two galleries of images, pre-2015 and post-2015, with 38 pictures in each. An unpaired test fails to find evidence that the galleries are of two different people whereas our novel matched pairs test, with optimally paired images, is highly statistically significant.
We introduce a new method for constructing local-in-time solutions of the incompressible Euler equations in Sobolev spaces on an arbitrary Sobolev bounded domain. The method is based on a construction of an analytic solution in an analytically approximated domain, after which we apply analytic persistence to extend the analytic solution using given a priori bounds in Sobolev spaces. The method does not introduce any modification or regularization of the equations themselves and appears applicable to many other PDEs.
The study tests a new approach to linking collective environmental identity (CEI) and high organizational identity (HOI) to environmental conservation through affective, normative, and continuance commitment. We used PLS-SEM version 4 to examine these connections using cross-sectional data from hotel workers across the US. The results show that collective environmental identity is linked to affective, normative, and continuance commitment, and that a strong organizational identity further strengthens these commitments. Affective, normative, and continuance commitment also shape the link between employees' environmental conservation and collective environmental identity. These results show how important it is to have dedicated workers who support sustainable practices. Companies, especially those in the rapidly growing US hotel industry, can use this framework to embed sustainability in their business plans by engaging and empowering employees. This study contributes to the hospitality literature by demonstrating how identity-based commitments lead to concrete actions that benefit the environment. This has not been examined in the context of hotel employees before.
In October 2025, the Board of Directors of the International Dyslexia Association approved a revised definition of dyslexia. This paper introduces this 2025 definition, outlines the iterative and data-driven process used in its development, and clarifies the intended purposes and boundaries of the definition for different stakeholders. The paper also reviews the current scientific evidence relevant to each component of the definition and provides the rationale for revisions to the 2002 IDA definition. In addition, it offers a set of high-level, practice-oriented guidelines intended to support the appropriate application of the definition. Finally, the paper emphasizes that, like its predecessors, the 2025 definition should be regarded as a living document, one that will continue to evolve as scientific understanding advances and as educational and clinical practices change.
Global climate change and subsequent increase in temperature and dry periods are expected to affect agricultural productivity and food security. Here, we modeled the impact of future climate on water yield and rice productivity across a range of elevations in two watersheds in Northern Iran using the AquaCrop model. After evaluating 19 Atmosphere-ocean general circulation models (AOGCMs) from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change’s Fifth Assessment Report (AR5) using statistical metrics, the models with better performance at six stations were selected in predicting historical air temperature (T) and precipitation (P). Our results showed that, despite a general increase in minimum and max air temperature during near future period (2020–2040), spring months had the highest increase in Tmax, while the lowest increase occurred during the winter months for all the stations. The greatest change in precipitation was observed in summer months. Increases in the future T and P were predicted to be larger at higher altitudes. The annual trend of rice yield was increasing based on RCP4.5 scenario and a gradually increasing pattern in rice yield was revealed from the lowlands to uplands. Under the RCP8.5 scenario, the annual rice yield in most areas was predicted to decline in the future, except for the upland area. In the lowland areas, most of the AOGCMs predicted a decrease in the water productivity, but an increase in water productivity was observed in the upland areas. The information on water productivity would help devise strategic water management plans during periods of both water shortage and excess under a changing climate.
