Forest Trends is a non-profit organization founded in 1998 and based in Washington, DC, that connects with economic tools and incentives for maintaining ecosystems. Its mission is four-fold: to expand the value of forests to society, to promote sustainable forest management and conservation by creating and capturing market values for ecosystem services, to support innovative projects and companies that are developing these markets and to enhance the livelihoods of local communities living in and around those forests.
China's forest product imports have surged over the past two decades, fueled by robust economic growth and an inadequate domestic timber supply. Many observers highlight the large and expanding trade volume as a significant driver of deforestation and forest degradation, especially in tropical regions. This research investigates the relationship between China's imports of wood-based forest product and tropical forest loss. A positive relationship between China's imports of wood-based forest products and the forest loss was found across all tropical countries, except those in Latin America. Additionally, land conversion to agricultural production and pasture for livestock are important drivers of the forest loss. The results provide insight into the complex policy, environmental and economic factors influencing tropical forest loss and the role of China's demand for tropical forest products. This research offers valuable guidance for the Chinese government in crafting balanced policies that protect domestic forests while addressing tropical forest loss.
Worldwide, an increasing number of watershed management programs invest in nature-based solutions (NbS) to water security challenges. Yet, NbS for water security currently are deployed at well below their hypothesized cost-effective global potential, with uncertainty about costs identified as one key constraint on increased in-vestment. Data on administrative and transaction costs of watershed investment programs are especially limited, but the few available studies indicate that these costs can be substantial. We conducted a cost survey of municipal-scale collective-action watershed investment programs, which pool resources from water users and other stakeholders to finance NbS. We obtained data from 18 programs in Latin America and the Caribbean (16), Asia (1) and Africa (1) with intervention areas from 133 ha to over 100,000 ha. During the first ten years, programs with >= 10 years of data had average annual costs of 0.25-3.02 million (median: 0.75 million) pur-chasing power-adjusted 2018 international dollars, and average annual per-hectare costs varied more than 50 -fold among these programs. Administrative and transaction costs on average accounted for 46 % (range: 10-84 %) of total cumulative costs across programs during the first ten years. This share sharply declined over the initial five years but stabilized at around 40 percent of annual costs. The wide range in per-hectare costs, and the size and range of administrative and transaction cost shares reflect diverse local contexts, intervention portfolios, and program design and implementation characteristics. While large, the observed share of admin-istrative and transaction costs is not surprising given the social, political, institutional, and technical complexity of implementing collective-action programs that involve land use changes and is similar to that of some large public environmental programs. Our findings are consistent with the few available estimates for comparable programs, underscoring the need for watershed investment programs to budget for substantial administrative and transaction cost throughout their life cycle.
Chemie Ingenieur TechnikVolume 95, Issue 5 p. 798-798 VorschauFree Access Vorschau: Chem. Ing. Tech. 6/2023 First published: 25 April 2023 https://doi.org/10.1002/cite.202370506AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onEmailFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume95, Issue5Special Issue: Reaktionstechnik und Wärme‐ und StoffaustauschMay 2023Pages 798-798 RelatedInformation
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Over a period of less than 15 years, Peru has developed some of the most progressive nature-based solutions (NBS) policies in the world for water management. To date, Peru is the first and only country to coordinate and promote locally driven NBS watershed investments through national policy—local water users are required and supported to fund source water conservation. In barely a decade, these policies effectively increased financial commitments for NBS by water utilities across the country from zero to $33 million Or analysis finds that three key factors enabled this drastic shift: (1) early, bottom-up initiatives, (2) visionary champions leading from multiple sectors, and (3) cross-sectoral partnerships. As of August 2020, 37 of Peru's 50 water utilities have begun to generate revenue for NBS through their water tariffs. Despite these impressive advances, there is work still to do: only 7 of those 37 utilities have actually begun to implement actions on the ground. As the drinking water sector works with partners to address the bottlenecks to implementation, advocates and policymakers seeking wider adoption of NBS can already begin to learn from the Peruvian experience.
