Guru Angad Dev Veterinary and Animal Sciences University is a veterinary university in ludhiana Punjab, india. It was a part of Punjab Agricultural University and was established on 9 August 2005 to serve the society by promoting the livestock production, health and prevention of diseases through integrated teaching and extension programs. The mission of the college is to produce veterinary graduates, scientists and extension workers for promoting better livestock health, by prevention of disease, increasing production and reproduction of livestock, thus improving the quality of rural life in Punjab..
Coagulase-negative Staphylococci (CoNS) are currently recognized as major contributors to various septicemic infections, notably causing fatal exudative epidermitis in pigs. The rising prevalence of antimicrobial resistance among CoNS significantly contributes to substantial losses in livestock farming and poses a public health hazard. The present study investigated the antibiogram profile and virulence gene distribution in CoNS isolated from pigs and their farm premises. A total of 287 samples, including 125 nasal swabs, 125 skin swabs, and 37 environmental samples, were obtained from healthy and diseased pigs, and from pig farms located in and around Ludhiana, Punjab. CoNS were presumptively identified by biochemical tests, and final species confirmation was conducted using Matrix-assisted laser desorption time-of-flight (MALDI-TOF), followed by antimicrobial susceptibility testing and molecular detection of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) and virulence genes. A total of 108 CoNS, representing eleven species, were isolated from over 70% of the diseased animals, over 20% of the healthy animals, and about 6% of the environmental samples. The antibiotic susceptibility patterns indicated high resistance to cefoxitin among CoNS isolates recovered from both healthy and diseased pigs, while penicillin resistance was predominantly observed in CoNS isolated from the environment. Among the antimicrobial resistance genestested, tetK and blaZ were the most prevalent genes, while eno was the only predominant virulence gene. Statistical analysis revealed a significant difference between the antibiotic resistance patterns of CoNS related to pigs and the environment, highlighting the need for vigilant monitoring to address growing AMR concerns in pig farming.
Purpose - The purpose of this study is to evaluate the antioxidant and antimicrobial efficacy of duck egg protein hydrolysates produced through enzymatic hydrolysis using different proteolytic enzymes. Design/methodology/approach - Duck egg proteins were hydrolyzed for 6 h using four proteolytic enzymes, namely, alcalase, ficin, papain and trypsin at an enzyme-to-substrate ratio of 1:100, with samples collected at 2 h intervals. The resulting hydrolysates were analyzed for pH, degree of hydrolysis (DH), antioxidant activity, namely, 2,2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) and superoxide anion scavenging activity (SASA) assays and antimicrobial activity. Findings - A decrease in pH was observed with increasing hydrolysis time. The DH increased significantly (p < 0.05) up to 6 h with alcalase, papain and trypsin, whereas in ficin it increased significantly (p < 0.05) only up to 4 h, followed by a non-significant rise. Antioxidant activity (ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, SASA) also increased significantly (p < 0.05) with hydrolysis time and DH. Trypsin hydrolysates showed the highest ABTS, DPPH and SASA activities, while papain hydrolysates exhibited the highest FRAP activity. The strongest antimicrobial activity against the tested microorganisms was recorded in trypsin hydrolysates at 6 h. Originality/value - This study demonstrates that enzymatic hydrolysis of duck egg proteins can generate bioactive peptides with notable antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, highlighting their promise as natural functional ingredients for incorporation into health-promoting foods and nutraceutical formulations.
Abstract Background Mastitis is a prevalent condition impacting dairy animals worldwide. Andrographolide, a diterpene lactone, is known to have potent antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anticancer properties. This study evaluates the protective effects of andrographolide in a mouse model of LPS-induced mastitis. The mice were divided into five groups (Control, LPS, LPS/ADG/1, LPS/ADG/10, LPS/DEX) and challenged with intramammary LPS. Results LPS administration significantly increased NF-κB activation, inflammatory cytokines, myeloperoxidase activity, and oxidative stress, along with increased iNOS expression and histopathological alterations in the mammary tissue. It also reduced anti-oxidant enzymes, altered mitochondrial citrate synthase, cytochrome c oxidase, and relative mitochondrial DNA copy number. Pretreatment with andrographolide against LPS administration caused attenuated inflammatory responses, reduced oxidative stress and iNOS expression, myeloperoxidase activity, and improved anti-oxidant enzyme levels, mitochondrial parameters, and structural changes induced by LPS. Conclusion Andrographolide ameliorates the LPS-induced mastitis in mice through attenuation of oxidative stress, inflammation, mitochondrial alterations, and structural changes.
Recirculating aquaculture systems (RAS) and biofloc technology (BFT) are increasingly recognized as sustainable aquaculture approaches, as they enhance water-use efficiency, improve biosecurity, allow high production intensity, and mitigate environmental impacts by reducing effluent discharge and promoting internal nutrient recycling. The present study aims at thescientometric analysis of emerging intensive aquaculture technologies, especially Recirculating Aquaculture System (RAS) and Biofloc Aquaculture System (BFT), in terms of examination of the publication trend(s), citation pattern, prolific contributors, underpinning the research hot-spots and the top journals publishing articles on the subject under study. The data was retrieved from ‘Scopus’ and downloaded data file was processed in ‘Biblioshiny’ application of ‘R’ software for scrutinizing records and standardizingthe data where required. The study encompasses a total of 853 articles that have been published in 369 journals, with an average annual growth rate of 1.45
The escalating environmental impact of synthetic plastics and the demand for natural preservatives have necessitated the development of sustainable, active packaging solutions. This study aimed to develop a biodegradable starch-gelatin composite film fortified with Hippophae rhamnoides extract, a fruit-bearing shrub and evaluate its efficacy in preserving the quality of chicken meat patties during 35 days of refrigerated storage (4 ± 1 °C). Chicken patties were assigned to three treatments: unwrapped patties packaged in LDPE (control, C), patties wrapped in a neat starch-gelatin film (T-1), and patties wrapped in an extract-incorporated starch-gelatin film (T-2), all under aerobic conditions.Results revealed that the incorporation of H. rhamnoides extract significantly (p < 0.05) maintained the oxidative and microbial stability of the patties. By Day 35, T-2 samples exhibited the lowest lipid oxidation, with TBARS (0.81 mg MDA/kg) and peroxide values (7.10 meq/kg) significantly lower than the control (1.68 mg MDA/kg and 9.51 meq/kg, respectively). Furthermore, the active film effectively suppressed microbial proliferation; Standard Plate Count in T-2 reached only 5.80 log10 CFU/g, whereas the control exceeded the acceptability limit by reaching 7.73 log10 CFU/g. Sensory evaluation indicated that control samples became unacceptable by Day 21, the T-2 group remained acceptable throughout the 35-day storage study. These findings demonstrate that H. rhamnoides-enriched starch-gelatin-based biopolymer films serve as a viable, eco-friendly alternative to synthetic packaging, effectively extending the shelf-life of chicken meat-based processed products.
