Indian Veterinary Research Institute (IVRI) is located at Izatnagar, Bareilly in Uttar Pradesh state. It is an advanced research facility in the field of veterinary medicine and allied branches. It has regional campuses at Mukteshwar, Bangalore, Palampur, Pune, Kolkata and Srinagar. Formerly known as Imperial Bacteriological Laboratory, it was renamed in 1925 as Imperial Veterinary Research Institute. The name of the institute was changed following independence to Indian Veterinary Research Institute. Administrative control of the institute is currently under Indian Council of Agricultural Research (ICAR), New Delhi. The Ministry of Education, Govt. of India on the recommendation of University Grants Commission conferred the status of the Deemed to be University on 16 November 1983 under Section 3 of UGC Act 1956.It has recently started its UG education in 2015 with 20 seats. The number of seats in ug is 24 in the year 2019..
Subclinical mastitis (SCM) is a major constraint in dairy production and is driven by complex host–pathogen interactions. Although transcriptional responses associated with SCM have been widely investigated, the epigenetic mechanisms that stably regulate these programs remain less well characterized, particularly in crossbred cattle populations. This study aimed to characterize DNA methylation-based regulatory networks by integrating whole-genome methylation and transcriptome data from milk somatic cells of Vrindavani (Bos taurus × Bos indicus) cattle. Whole-genome methylation (n = 6) and corresponding transcriptome profiling (n = 6) were performed on milk somatic cells from SCM-affected and healthy control cows. Differential methylation analysis (q-value < 0.05) identified 62,940 differentially methylated cytosines (DMCs), 7,706 differentially methylated regions (DMRs), and 6,203 differentially methylated genes (DMGs), with a predominant bias toward hypomethylation in SCM. Integrative analysis using stringent thresholds for both methylation (≥ 10
The significant increase in chicken meat consumption calls for the development of green technologies to efficiently utilize chicken by-products, such as chicken hearts. This study aimed to characterize and compare the physico-chemical, techno-functional and antioxidant properties of protein hydrolysates derived from chicken heart fermented with Lactobacilli bacteria. Freeze-dried hydrolysates 2Hh16 (2 × 107 cfu/ml Lactobacillus helveticus-NCDC-292, 16 h fermentation) and 2Hp16 (2 × 107 cfu/ml Lactiplantibacillus plantarum-NCDC-025, 16 h fermentation) were analyzed and compared to freeze-dried raw chicken heart powder (Hc). The hydrolysates, whose molecular weight were in the range of 5–20 kDa demonstrated improved soluble protein content and degree of hydrolysis (
Introduction: Social distancing and wearing a face mask are highly recommended to mitigate the transmission of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the success of these strategies relies on individuals’ adherence and public compliance. This study was conducted to assess the level of belief in social distancing and face mask practices in communities in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) and to identify their possible determinants. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in ten LMICs countries in Asia, Africa, and South America from February to May 2021. A questionnaire was used to assess the belief, practice, and their plausible determinants. Identification of the associated determinants was performed using a logistic regression model. Results: Our data revealed that only 62.6% and 66.9% of the participants had good beliefs in social distancing and good face mask practices, respectively. Residing in the Americas, having a healthcare-related job, knowing people in immediate social environment who are or have been infected and exposure to information of COVID-19 cases on social media or TV were factors significantly associated with good belief in social distancing. Residing country, gender, monthly household income, type of job and exposure to information of COVID-19 cases were significantly associated with face mask wearing practice. Conclusion: The proportion of participants having good beliefs in social distancing and good face mask practices is relatively low (<75%). Hence, sustained health campaigns regarding social distancing benefits and face mask-wearing practices during COVID-19 are critical in LMICs.
Lysyl oxidase (LOX), an extracellular copper-dependent oxidising enzyme, carries out oxidation of peptidyl lysine resulting in covalent cross-linkage and stabilisation of elastin and collagen fibres. Previous studies have revealed a significant relationship between lysyl oxidase (LOX) with tissue fibrosis and mammary carcinoma in canines. Therefore, the structural and functional study of LOX has been a focus for understanding its molecular mechanisms. Besides, recent trends have employed computational approaches of drug development efforts against LOX to discover promising inhibitors to treat the associated carcinomas. The predicted structure of lysyl oxidase was validated and molecular docking studies were carried out to deduce the mechanism of action and binding of pseudo substrate and experimentally proven inhibitors. In this context, this study analysed the binding mode of pseudo-substrate DAP and predicted LOX inhibitors (βAPN, HCys and HCTL) in the copper-binding site of canine lysyl oxidase (cLOX) enzyme. The molecular docking study found β-Aminopropionitrile (βAPN), Homocysteine (HCys) and Homocysteine thiolactone (HCTL) to interact with the copper-binding site of the cLOX when compared with 1,5-diaminopentane (DAP), a pseudo-substrate. Furthermore, Molecular Dynamics (MD) simulations identified βAPN as a potent inhibitor based on acceptable root-mean-square deviation (RMSD) values and persistent hydrogen bonding with the cLOX binding site. These observations were consistent when the gyration radius and total energy were calculated for each ligand-cLOX complex. Principal component analysis (PCA) results further supported the stability of these protein-ligand interactions by revealing distinct conformational clusters corresponding to different ligand-bound states of cLOX. The obtained results provided a potential lead candidate for understanding the molecular interactions of LOX and developing therapeutic drugs against cLOX associated breast cancers in canines. This research will contribute to a better understanding of how LOX interacts with its inhibitors at the molecular level.
A Loop-Mediated Isothermal Amplification (LAMP) assay coupled with Nucleic-acid Lateral Flow Immunoassay (NALFIA) was developed to differentiate B. abortus S19, the vaccine strain, from other Brucella Species, including wild-type B. abortus. LAMP assay was carried out by targeting the eryC gene, which is absent in B. abortus S19. Specific ligands on the test and control lines of the LFA strip were spotted. The presence of a colored band only on the control line indicated the presence of B. abortus S19. In contrast, a colored line on both test and control lines indicated the presence of other Brucella Species. The assay was found to be very specific, as it did not cross-react with any other bacterial genera. The assay was found to be very sensitive, and the limit of detection was found to be 1.76 pg of genomic DNA of bacteria. In spiked milk samples, the assay could detect 2.89 × 103 CFU of bacteria. Thus, the assay, which has discriminatory power in the detection of B. abortus S19 and other Brucella Species, can be used as nucleic acid-based DIVA in clinical samples of suspected cases of bovine brucellosis, which can be a potential source of transmission in both humans and animals.
