ABSTRACT Cystic airspaces are recognised as a risk factor for lung cancer. Nearly all cancers arising in association with cystic airspaces are non‐small cell lung cancers, whereas cases of small cell lung cancer (SCLC) in this setting are rarely reported. A 72‐year‐old woman with a history of smoking was referred to our hospital for evaluation of an abnormal chest shadow. Computed tomography (CT) revealed a cystic airspace in the left upper lobe, along with a nodular lesion adherent to the cyst wall with polypoid extension into the lumen. Marked uptake of 18F‐fluorodeoxyglucose was observed in the nodular lesion on positron emission tomography–CT. Consequently, primary lung cancer was suspected, and surgical resection was performed. Histopathological examination of the resected specimen led to a diagnosis of SCLC. Although rare, SCLC could arise from cystic airspaces. Nodules abutting cystic airspaces, as well as cyst wall thickening, warrant close short‐term follow‐up.
To clarify sex-specific differences in the risk profiles of anastomotic leakage (AL) after rectal cancer surgery, for which sex is widely recognized as an important risk factor. This retrospective multicenter study included 1,854 patients (1,196 men and 658 women) who underwent rectal cancer surgery with anastomosis between 2015 and 2025 at our institution. Patients were stratified by sex, and risk factors for AL (grade ≥ B) were analyzed separately using logistic regression. Interaction analyses between sex and perioperative factors were also conducted. AL occurred more frequently in men than in women (9.9
Endoscopic transnasal apicoectomy (ETA) is a novel multidisciplinary technique that combines endoscopic sinus surgery with apicoectomy via a transnasal approach. ETA enables direct access to periapical lesions while preserving the causative tooth. Our initial experience suggests that this minimally invasive approach is safe, feasible, and effective for selected cases of odontogenic maxillary sinusitis.
Background:Coronary microvascular dysfunction (CMD) is an established mechanism in cardiovascular diseases and is associated with adverse outcomes. However, CMD in hemodialysis (HD) patients remains poorly characterized. This study evaluated the prevalence, physiological profiles, and prognostic implications of CMD in this high-risk population. Methods and Results:Among 894 patients who underwent intracoronary physiological assessment of the left anterior descending artery, 87 were on HD. A control group of 87 non-HD patients was selected using propensity score matching for established CMD risk factors. Microvascular resistance reserve (MRR) and the baseline index of microvascular resistance (b-IMR) and hyperemic IMR were compared. MRR was significantly lower in HD than non-HD patients (median [interquartile range (IQR)] 2.4 [1.9-3.4] vs. 3.8 [2.6-5.0], P<0.001). This was driven primarily by lower b-IMR in the HD than non-HD group (median [IQR] 42.3 [23.6-61.0] vs. 68.7 [42.7-90.9], P<0.001); IMR was comparable between the 2 groups (18.6 [12.0-24.7] vs. 18.3 [12.7-26.0], respectively; P=0.65). In HD patients, an MRR of 2.1 was optimal for predicting the composite endpoint (all-cause mortality, heart failure, and acute myocardial infarction). Kaplan-Meier analysis showed event-free survival was significantly worse in HD patients with MRR <2.1 (log-rank P=0.001). Conclusions:CMD is highly prevalent in HD patients and is characterized by markedly reduced b-IMR. In this population, MRR serves as a potent prognostic indicator.
