广岛女学院大学

It is well known that Hemingway had a great interest in music, but little is known about the functions of “noise” in his works. This chapter explores the change in Jake Barnes’s attitude and values toward bullfighting by focusing not only on the “music” but also on the noise of Paris and Spain in The Sun Also Rises. Analysis demonstrates how the representation of “sound” in this work (including music, noise, and the clamor of people) transcends mere realistic depiction and alludes to the past war that is never specifically depicted.

When olfactory sensitivity is heightened, sulfur-related odors can make steamed rice smell unpleasant. This study investigated whether shiso (Perilla frutescens var. crispa) can enhance the pleasantness of sulfur-odor-enhanced rice. A sulfur-odor-enhanced rice model was created by adding raw onion to steamed white rice. Odor intensity was quantified using odor index equivalents, whereas odor quality was assessed using odor similarity patterns. Subjective pleasantness and emotional responses were evaluated in 41 healthy Japanese women using a Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) and the Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS). The addition of shiso increased perceived pleasantness compared to the unpleasant odor condition (median VAS score: 6.1 vs. 4.1, p = 0.029). No changes were observed in odor similarity patterns, whereas odor index equivalents showed a slight decreasing trend; however, these results were interpreted descriptively due to the limited number of measurements. Exposure to the sulfur odor-enhanced rice model reduced positive affect and increased negative affect; however, no significant changes were observed in the shiso-containing model. The addition of shiso increased perceived pleasantness of steamed rice with enhanced sulfur-related odors, whereas emotional responses did not change significantly, suggesting that subjective pleasantness and affective responses do not always change in parallel. These findings may inform approaches to improving the pre-consumption sensory experience of staple foods. Because this pilot study included only healthy Japanese women, the findings cannot be generalized to other populations, including pregnant women and patients undergoing cancer treatment.

Inflammation is widely viewed as a driver of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), yet inflammatory signaling also reshapes hepatic xenobiotic metabolism. Here, we established transgenic (Tg) IKKβΔhep mice (Tg-IKKβΔhep), which combine hepatocyte-specific IKKβ deletion with liver expression of a nuclear, kinase-inactive IKKβ mutant (NLS-IKKβKN). Tg-IKKβΔhep mice developed spontaneous chronic hepatitis and progressive fibrosis but were strikingly resistant to diethylnitrosamine (DEN)-induced hepatocarcinogenesis, with markedly reduced tumor multiplicity and total tumor burden. Despite persistent inflammatory injury, DEN-triggered oxidative DNA damage and p53 activation were markedly attenuated, compatible with reduced tumor initiation. Transcriptomic and biochemical analyses revealed broad repression of xenobiotic-metabolizing cytochrome P450 genes, including the pericentral enzyme CYP2E1, accompanied by reduced CYP2E1 protein abundance. This was associated with impaired HNF4α-PXR-CAR transcriptional output and reduced HNF4α occupancy at target promoters. Acute TNFα or IL-1β exposure recapitulated this repression, in part through reduced PGC-1α expression and decreased RNA polymerase II recruitment to target promoters. In parallel, pericentral xenobiotic metabolism was blunted, a change that could plausibly diminish DEN bioactivation and genotoxic stress. Together, these findings support a "metabolic gatekeeping" model in which chronic inflammation can constrain chemical hepatocarcinogenesis by attenuating carcinogen-metabolizing capacity.

The focus and objective of the community service program is to empower teachers at MIN 8 Nganjuk and its surrounding areas to maximize their scientific writing. While scientific writing in the form of PTK is an administrative obligation, it also provides a positive contribution to improving learning. The Asset-Based Community-Driven Development (ABCD) method prioritizes the utilization of existing assets and potential. The ABCD steps include Discovery (discovering potential), Dream (shared dreams), Design (program design), Define (determining concrete steps), and Destiny (determining goals and implementation). The results of the mentoring program indicate that the teachers have a good foundation in writing scientific papers. However, they are still hampered by busy administrative routines. The training aims to stimulate writing enthusiasm and bridge the realization of book chapters among teachers. This mentoring is expected to have a positive impact on improving the quality of teachers' scientific work and improving the learning process at school. In addition, this program also aims to build a sustainable writing culture among educators.