This study characterised mitochondrial genetic diversity in Vietnamese Ven dogs using a 582-bp fragment of the HV1 region from 21 individuals. A total of 32 polymorphic sites was identified, and sequence variation resolved 14 haplotypes assigned to three major haplogroups (A, B, and C). Haplogroup A was predominant, while haplotype C2 was the most frequent (19.06%). One novel haplotype (Cn) was detected at low frequency (4.67%). Genetic diversity indices indicate substantial maternal variation within the sampled population (Hd = 0.943; Pi = 0.01524), consistent with patterns reported in other Vietnamese and Southeast Asian village dogs. The haplotype network further supports the coexistence of both closely related and moderately divergent maternal lineages, although demographic inference remains limited by sample size. Overall, the findings suggest that Vện dogs represent a phenotypically defined subset embedded within a diverse regional gene pool rather than a distinct maternal lineage. This study provides a baseline HV1 dataset for Vện dogs and highlights the need for expanded sampling and genome-wide analyses to better resolve population structure, evolutionary history, and implications for conservation and breeding strategies.
This paper provides insights into fine particulate matter pollution in the urban atmosphere of Ho Chi Minh City (HCMC), the most populous city in Vietnam. Fine particulate matter (PM2.5) samples were collected daily at five exposed sites from March 2017 to March 2018. PM10 data (daily) and real-time PM2.5 (hourly) data were recorded concurrently at a roadside site. Daily particulate pollutant levels (i.e., PM2.5 and PM10) were determined using the gravimetric method using an impact sampler, and real-time PM2.5 data were measured using a continuous monitor. The measured PM2.5 concentrations varied from 10.4 to 110.8 µg m–3, with an annual mean of 36.3 ± 13.7 µg m–3. All annual mean concentrations at the exposed sites exceeded the value limits of the Vietnamese standard (25 µg m–3) and World Health Organization air quality guideline (10 µg m–3), indicating high health risk at these sites. Although the sampling sites varied in their exposure levels, they exhibited very strong correlations and low differences in PM2.5 levels. Diurnal variation with a pronounced peak 2 hours after the morning rush hour was observed. This peak is likely attributable to not only primary sources (e.g., traffic-related sources) but also secondary aerosol formation. The urban atmosphere of HCMC was affected by strong local emission sources, as evidenced by the pronounced peak during morning rush hour as well as the significant negative correlation between PM2.5 and wind speed. In addition, monthly PM2.5 levels exhibited remarkable seasonal variability, with the lowest and highest levels observed during the rainy and dry seasons, respectively. However, elevated PM2.5 levels were observed during the months with heavy rains, highlighting the influence of strong emission sources, likely the biomass burning of rice straw residues in the Mekong Delta area.
Recently, graphene-based material as a catalyst has crucially shown a novel strategy in furfural synthesis from biomass resources. In this study, sulfonated graphene oxide (SGO) was studied within five different graphene oxide to sulfanilic acid mass ratios of 1:1.5, 1:2.0, 1:2.5, 1:3.0, and 1:3.5 for facile synthesis of furfural from sugarcane bagasse. The structural investigation of those samples was proceeded through Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Raman spectroscopy, and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy. The appropriate sample with the sulfur mass percentage of 3.51
The paper discusses the importance of topic selection in research, emphasizing that the chosen topic determines the scope, depth, and content of the study. The appropriateness of the topic is crucial for the successful completion of a thesis. An ideal topic should have academic value, align with personal interests, and be suitable for the individual's research capabilities. The direction, difficulty, scale, and method of formulating the topic are all significant aspects worthy of in-depth discussion.Keywords: Topic Selection; Difficulty; Formulation; Evaluation
The study examines the use of English songs to enhance students' listening skills at Ho Chi Minh City University of Food Industry (HUFI). Listening, a crucial yet challenging language skill, often faces neglect in the classroom, leading to low student motivation and engagement. Traditional passive methods of teaching listening do not effectively address students' learning needs, prompting the exploration of alternative approaches. Music, particularly English songs, offers a dynamic way to create a relaxed and motivating learning environment, providing opportunities for meaningful language exposure through melody and lyrics. This research investigates the effectiveness of integrating English songs into listening exercises to improve listening comprehension among HUFI students. The study involved 102 participants, exploring their difficulties with listening, their perception of the use of songs, and the benefits derived from this method. Findings reveal that students struggle with recognizing English sounds, maintaining concentration, and grasping key ideas in spoken passages. However, using English songs has significantly enhanced students' listening skills by increasing their engagement, vocabulary acquisition, and comprehension abilities. The study highlights the positive impact of songs on student motivation and recommends incorporating music into language teaching to foster better listening outcomes.
