It was with great excitement that we planned the combined meetings of Northeast Aquaculture Conference and Exposition (NACE) and the International Conference on Shellfish Restoration (ICSR) with the 33rd Milford Aquaculture Seminar (MAS). Bringing these different but complementary audiences together resulted in a meeting that combined many different aspects of fisheries restoration and aquaculture under one umbrella.Four hundred attendees including government representatives, research scientists, industry, and academia at both the university and vocational high school levels attended this event. The meeting commenced on Wednesday December 12th 2012, with over eighty people attending seven field trips to area aquaculture farms and research facilities. The formal program began on Thursday, December 13th with a plenary session including invited speakers Eric Schwabb, Acting Assistant Secretary for Conservation and Management at NOAA; Sebastian Belle, Executive Director of the Maine Aquaculture Association and Boze Hancock from the Nature Conservancy, who discussed the role of aquaculture in fisheries restoration. John Bullard, the Northeast Regional Administrator of NOAA Fisheries Service, addressed the group during the luncheon the following day. The technical papers and workshops presented were divided into 35 sessions over three days of the meeting and included topics such as the history of aquaculture, aquaculture hatchery innovations, siting and planning issues, risk management, aquaculture business management, ocean acidification, climate change, as well as aquaculture disease issues and potential remedies. Having persons present who have experienced problems and successes, along with those in manufacturing and government responsible for addressing concerns and sharing best practices, was invaluable. Discussions among this cross-section of persons who represent different aspects of aquaculture were as important as the well-presented and interesting formal papers and poster sessions. These discussions were facilitated by the many opportunities presented during the large trade show, reception, breaks, lunches, banquet and lobster bake held throughout the meeting.The importance of and need for aquaculture were made evident by all who were in attendance. We are grateful to the twenty four meeting sponsors and to all those who participated and made this such an important and memorable meeting.While oyster restoration efforts have been under way in the Chesapeake Bay for more than two decades, until recently, varying reporting methods and success criteria made it difficult to determine how much progress had been made. A goal to "Restore native oyster habitat and populations in 20 out of 35 to 40 candidate tributaries by 2025" was set in the 2010 strategy to implement the Chesapeake Bay Protection and Restoration Executive Order (signed by President Obama in 2009). This goal made it a priority for state and federal fishery managers, academics, and scientists working on oyster restoration to collaboratively define a "restored tributary" and a "restored reef" to enable them to track progress. A team of these people, led by NOAA staff, agreed on "oyster metrics" in 2011 (http//preview.tinyurl.com/8kmbdpm) that specify key metrics and target ranges for them, including tributary size, how to determine how much restorable bottom a tributary contains, how much of that restorable bottom needs to be restored, and the minimum oyster density and biomass in that restored bottom to count a tributary as restored. These new metrics enable experts to clearly see how oyster restoration efforts are working and use adaptive management to improve these efforts. These metrics serve as a tool to plan and evaluate oyster restoration consistently across the Chesapeake Bay, and the consensus-based framework used to develop them may have broader application to other restoration activities.In the past, oyster restoration in Maryland was performed primarily
Sea lamprey Petromyzon marinus from the River Miño and Sella, Spain, showed an almost identical frequency for three observed haplotypes. None of these haplotypes were found among three North American populations. These results indicate an absence of exchange among sea lamprey populations spawning in the west and south‐east Atlantic coasts. The similarity between the collections from the two Spanish rivers suggests that homing does not occur in anadromous sea lamprey.
Populations of marine, estuarine, and freshwater fish from highly urban and industrialized sites in North America often exhibit elevated prevalences of neoplastic, preneoplastic, and nonneoplastic hepatic lesions, and sometimes epidermal neoplasms compared to conspecifics from more pristine reference locales. Positive statistical associations with environmental concentrations of PAHs and other xenobiotics and experimental laboratory studies suggest a chemical etiology to these epizootics. Studies have investigated the expression of carcinogenically relevant genes, the extent of overall DNA damage, somatic cell mutations, germ line polymorphisms, and overall levels of genetic diversity in fish from these populations and other polluted sites. In general, elevated levels of cytochrome P4501A expression have been found in fish from contaminated locales; however, inhibition of gene induction has been seen in hepatic lesions and in normal tissue in fish from the most contaminated sites, perhaps due to genetic adaptation or physiological acclimation. Levels of bulky hepatic DNA adducts, as detected by 32P-postlabeling, are almost always elevated in fish from populations that are exposed to highly contaminated environments. However, levels of DNA adducts were not always predictive of the vulnerability to neoplasia of populations and species from polluted sites. Elevated levels of oxygen radical-induced DNA damage have been observed in hepatic tumors, preneoplastic lesions, and normal livers in a single species of flatfish from contaminated sites; however, the prevalences of these alterations in other species and at other polluted sites has yet to be evaluated. Frequent alterations in the K-ras oncogene have been reported in hepatic neoplasms in several species from highly contaminated sites and also in embryos that were experimentally exposed to oil-contaminated sediments. Studies also suggest that heritable germ line polymorphisms, altered allelic frequencies, and reductions in overall genetic diversity may have occurred in some highly impacted populations; however, the origin and functional significance of altered allelic frequencies have largely yet to be evaluated. In summary, feral fish appear particularly sensitive to DNA alterations from xenobiotics, perhaps due to their unusually high levels of exposure, relatively inefficient DNA repair, and the high frequency of polyploidy in some taxa and provide excellent models to explore the relationships between xenobiotic exposure and altered gene structure and expression.
Transactions of the American Fisheries SocietyVolume 124, Issue 4 p. 643-644 Book Reviews Sea Bass: Biology, Exploitation, and Conservation John R. Waldman, John R. Waldman Hudson River Foundation, 40 West 20th StreetNinth Floor, New York, New York, 10011 USASearch for more papers by this author John R. Waldman, John R. Waldman Hudson River Foundation, 40 West 20th StreetNinth Floor, New York, New York, 10011 USASearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1995 https://doi.org/10.1577/1548-8659-124.4.643Citations: 2AboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinkedInRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article.Citing Literature Volume124, Issue4July 1995Pages 643-644 RelatedInformation
Many problems in fisheries science require markers to discriminate among individuals, populations, or species and to monitor representatives of these groupings through time. The nucleotide sequences of DNA typically offer more than 3 billion potentially informative markers-many orders of magnitude more than alternative approaches. Molecular techniques, once tedious, have advanced so that rapidly analyzing the numerous samples typically required to resolve fisheries problems is now possible. To date, most molecular analyses in fisheries science have focused on analysis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), but newer approaches involving nuclear DNA (nDNA) show great promise. In particular, noncoding single copy nDNA may be more informative than mtDNA analyses for anadromous and marine species, in which low genetic diversity is frequently encountered. In this paper, we outline 12 categories of fisheries problems amenable to molecular approaches and provide a review of the structure and analysis of DNA, the nature of DNA variation in fishes, and the modes of analysis most suitable for particular questions. The future should witness the routine implementation of these techniques; such efforts would be enhanced by increased communication between managers and researchers, centralization of facilities, and standardization of nomenclature.
