Biodiesel acceptance and consumption increased rapidly from 2018 onwards because of government policies promoting and mandating (in few cases) the consumption of local made Biodiesel feedstock to replace/reduce the import crude oil to save fuel import costs. Currently biodiesel usage is unregulated and non-standardized in few countries and in cases it is mandated and well controlled by local government (e.g. Indonesia). This unregulated, non-standardized and rapidly increasing usage of Biodiesel started to show consequences such as reduced fuel filter life, degradation of engine and filter with material non-compatibility issues with biodiesel and this developed a need of in-depth study, research and creation of recommendations / best practices for the use of Biodiesel in various application. This paper will discuss the root causes of challenges related to usage of biodiesel (manufacturing process, storing and handling of biodiesel at application site), technical challenges and it’s impact on fuel filtration performance supported by some of the lab test data & finally propose a recommendations or best practices to effectively use biodiesel as alternate fuel to achieve best commercial and operational advantages. Although there are several commercially well-known feedstocks available in world, here we will discuss mainly on Palm Biodiesel (PME) which is mandatory in Indonesia with B40 variant recently mandated by local government. The purpose of discussion will be to minimize or eliminate the adverse impact of biodiesel properties & challenges on service life of filter by using premium filtration solutions to avoid drastic changes with engine or OEM equipment.
Ushbu maqolada o‘quvchilar bilimini baholash jarayonining pedagogik zaruriyati, uning ta’lim sifati va o‘quv jarayonining samaradorligini oshirishdagi o‘rni tahlil qilinadi. О‘quvchilarni rivоjlantirishda ularni rag‘batlantirish va bahоlash juda muhimdir. Maqolada bahоlash о‘quvchilarning rivоjlanish darajasini, о‘rganish samaradоrligini va muvaffaqiyatini aniqlashga yоrdam berishi ko‘rsatib o‘tilgan. Bahоlash jarayоnida о‘quvchilarning ilmiy bilimlari, amaliy kо‘nikmalari va shaxsiy rivоjlanishi kuzatiladi. Bahоlash natijalariga kо‘ra, о‘qituvchilar о‘quvchilarga individual yоndashuvlar, qо‘llab-quvvatlash usullari va dasturlar tuzishlari mumkin. Bunday bahоlash jarayоnlari о‘quvchilarning mоtivatsiyasini оshiradi, ularni rivоjlantirishga yо‘l оchadi va ularga о‘rganishda va amaliy ishlarda muvaffaqiyatli bо‘lishlari uchun kerakli yо‘l yо‘riqlarini qilib bоrishlariga yоrdam beradi. Baholash mezonlarining aniq belgilanishi o‘quvchilarning o‘quv motivatsiyasiga, o‘zlashtirish dinamikasiga va mustaqil fikrlash ko‘nikmalariga ta’siri ilmiy dalillar asosida ko‘rsatib o‘tiladi. Tadqiqot natijalari o‘quvchilarning bilimini baholash samarali tashkil etilganda, ta’lim jarayoni shaffofligi, o‘qituvchi faoliyati samaradorligi va o‘quv natijalari sifatining sezilarli darajada oshishini tasdiqlaydi.
The market for rapid cure adhesives has been steadily growing with the advent of new adhesives being formulated and developed for emerging technologies that have special and unique requirements. The need for rapid composite preparation, while achieving optimal bonding properties is universal. The formation of a crosslinked molecular network is fundamental to the curing process of adhesive formulations, which ultimately provides them with the strength required for acting as a structural bonding material in composites. Several different considerations need to be evaluated to optimize the formation of this crosslinked molecular network and obtain maximum composite strength. We reviewed some of the most commonly used classes of rapid cure adhesives and discussed their benefits and limitations in the context of bonding various materials together to form a composite. The five different types discussed are (1) two-component curable mixes, (2) one-component heat-curable formulations, (3) one-component moisture curing systems, (4) light-curable systems, and (5) dual curing systems. The chemistry of both the materials being bonded and the adhesives are critical to ensure that the composite being formed is highly resilient and ultimately meets and hopefully exceeds key performance attributes. We have taken the time to discuss the chemistry of each adhesive and provided some of the potential limitations of each adhesive type to help the end-user better design components and choose the right adhesives and processing method to prevent composite failures. Finally, different materials characterization techniques are discussed, and literature examples are provided, which can be used to verify the quality of the adhesive crosslinking in the final composite being processed. We hope that the information presented will help address and prevent some of the problems with crosslinking of rapid-cure adhesives.
With the increase in the world population and improvement in industrial innovations, amount of municipal and industrial wastewater has increased dramatically. Therefore, municipal wastewater treatment systems have become a vital factor in sustaining water sources and decreasing the wastewater discharge to the environment. The first step in preliminary treatment of the wastewater is generally implemented using screening the large solid contamination. Bar screens are particularly an optimal solution for screening the wastewater in pumping stations, municipal and industrial wastewater treatment plants, and also at the inlet of the power plants. In this study, analytical method is used to determine the relationship between the screen size and the slope of streaming water channel. This correlation is now being used during the design of mechanical bar screens at our facility. In this study, Finite Element Analysis is also used to verify the structural strength of the inclined bar screen systems which have been designed, manufactured, and operated by our team. To investigate structural durability of the frames of the mechanical bar screen, static analysis is first checked by Autodesk Inventor Frame Analysis module, then Autodesk Inventor Nastran is used for detailed Finite Element Analysis.
Based on the service reports received from agricultural irrigation companies are analysed, 2 major problems in this field stand out. First one is the damage caused by the insoluble organic and inorganic particles in the water supplied from the water source to the irrigation pipeline and the control equipment on it, and as a result, the irrigation efficiency decreases. The second problem is that the filters with different filtration degrees used to solve the first problem cause to consume a lot of energy during operation and increase the operation& maintenance costs and narrow the usage area. Separate products in different filtration degrees offered for the first problem caused the second problem, so another alternative way had to be found for a permanent solution. For this purpose, our company has designed and manufactured SinusFlow filters which is a compact product with a double stage with single motor that combines different filtration degrees in a single product with a quick manufacturing center. As a result of development of this new product, 2 different (coarse & fine) type of filters combine in a single filter. In this way, while the filtering process is carried out with a single motor with much less energy consumption, the usage area and operation & maintenance costs have been reduced.
