意大利人文大学

To provide a clinically oriented synthesis of the epidemiology, pathophysiology, and management of bronchiectasis in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), and to clarify the key mechanisms underlying this association. Emerging evidence suggests a non-random association between IBD and bronchiectasis, with prevalence estimates varying widely according to study design and diagnostic approach. Mechanistic insights support a role for gut–lung axis dysfunction, including loss of mucosal tolerance, microbial dysbiosis, and immune cell trafficking. Clinically, bronchiectasis in IBD appears heterogeneous and may occur independently of intestinal disease activity. The increasing use of biologic therapies further complicates management, particularly regarding infection risk. Bronchiectasis should be recognised as a relevant extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD with important implications for diagnosis and management. A pragmatic, multidisciplinary approach is required, and further research is needed to define optimal screening strategies and tailored therapeutic pathways. Bronchiectasis is a frequent but under-recognized extra-intestinal manifestation of IBD. Awareness of the gut–lung axis and early multidisciplinary management are essential to balance inflammation control, infection risk, and respiratory outcomes in the era of biologic therapies.

Osteoarthritis patients undergoing THA or TKA were studied to compare the cumulative incidence of revision after perioperative denosumab versus alendronate. Denosumab was not associated with differences in the incidence of revision after THA but was associated with a higher revision incidence after TKA, mainly driven by aseptic tibial loosening. Osteoarthritis is highly prevalent, and the number of total hip (THA) and knee arthroplasties (TKA) continues to rise. This study aimed to evaluate the risk of revision associated with perioperative exposure to denosumab versus alendronate in patients undergoing THA or TKA for osteoarthritis. This retrospective cohort study used data from the Emilia-Romagna Registry of Orthopedic Prosthetic Implants (RIPO). Patients undergoing primary THA or TKA for osteoarthritis between 2011 and 2023 were included. Perioperative exposure was defined as at least one dispensing of denosumab or alendronate within 180 days before or after surgery. The primary outcome was first revision. Revision risk was analysed using cumulative incidence functions, treating death and emigration as competing events, and groups were compared using Gray’s test. The THA cohort comprised 129 denosumab and 922 alendronate users. Revision occurred in 4 denosumab (3.1

Papillary renal neoplasm with reverse polarity (PRNRP) is a recently recognized renal tumor characterized by papillary architecture lined by a single layer of low-grade eosinophilic cells with apically located nuclei. In the latest WHO classification, they are not recognized as a distinct entity but rather as a morphological pattern of papillary renal cell carcinoma. To date, limited studies have compared PRNRP with eosinophilic/oncocytic papillary renal cell carcinoma (E/OPRCC), which they are not infrequently confused with, although a few previous comparisons with classic papillary renal cell carcinoma have already identified several distinguishing features. A comparative analysis of 15 of PRNRPs and 16 of E/OPRCC cases was conducted, evaluating their histopathological, immunophenotypic, interphase cytogenetic, and molecular profiles. PRNRPs demonstrated distinctive morphological features, including consistent apical nuclear positioning, absence of foamy macrophages in the papillary cores (p = 0.0001), and a lower nucleolar grade compared to E/OPRCCs (p = < 0.0001). Immunohistochemically, PRNRPs exhibited strong and uniform GATA3 expression and were negative for vimentin, CD10, and CD13, in contrast to E/OPRCCs. Cytogenetically, PRNRPs lacked trisomies of chromosomes 7 and 17, which were present in 40

Non-ampullary duodenal neoplasms (DNs) are rare, heterogeneous lesions for which the optimal surgical strategy remains debated. While pancreatoduodenectomy (PD) is considered the standard for ampullary or locally advanced tumours, limited resection (LR) of the duodenum offers a pancreas-preserving alternative in appropriately selected cases. This study aimed to describe the indications, surgical techniques, and outcomes of LR for non-ampullary DNs. All consecutive patients undergoing LR, including segmental resection (SR), wedge resection (WR), extra-mucosal excision (EME), endoluminal excision (ELE), for non-ampullary DNs at our institution between August 2010 and May 2025 were retrospectively reviewed. Demographic, operative, pathological, and follow-up data were collected from a prospectively maintained database. Disease-specific survival (DSS) and disease-free survival (DFS) were calculated using the Kaplan–Meier method, with subgroup analyses for duodenal adenocarcinoma (DA), gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST), and neuroendocrine tumors (NET). Thirty-three patients underwent LR: SR D1 (n = 2, 6.1

Risankizumab (RZB) and deucravacitinib (DEU) are both approved for the treatment of moderate-to-severe psoriasis. Physicians value head-to-head comparisons between available therapies to make evidence-based treatment decisions. This study evaluates the safety and efficacy of RZB compared with DEU for the treatment of patients with moderate psoriasis who have not previously received biologic treatment. Patients with moderate psoriasis, eligible for systemic treatment and without prior biologic exposure, were enrolled in a 1:2 ratio to RZB or DEU, respectively. The 52-week treatment was divided into two periods: period A (baseline to week 16) and period B (weeks 16–52). Results from period A are presented here. In period A, patients either received a single subcutaneous injection of RZB 150 mg on day 1 and week 4 or oral DEU 6 mg daily. The coprimary endpoints in period A were achievement of ≥ 90