Ibb University

The rapid expansion of research on green-synthesized nanoparticles (GSNPs), particularly those produced through biological processes, has generated a highly fragmented literature that obscures structural trends and translational gaps. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in Scopus between 2020 and 2025 to map the intellectual landscape of GSNPs and identify priority directions for future research. The findings demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) dominate the field, driven by their established antibacterial effectiveness and broad biomedical and environmental utility. At the same time, plant extracts remain the primary biosynthetic resources, while alternative biological sources, including bacteria and fungi, are still inadequately investigated. The analysis also highlights the limited use of high-resolution characterization tools, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), compared to the prevalent conventional techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing a persistent characterization gap at the nano-bio interface. The geographic analysis highlights Asia, especially India and China, as leading contributors, supported by dense international collaboration networks. Conceptually, the study clarifies green synthesis within the 12 principles of green chemistry, integrating biological, physical, and chemical methods and proposing a taxonomy that resolves the frequent conflation of green synthesis with biosynthesis alone. Finally, by linking bibliometric patterns to toxicity and regulatory keywords, the analysis exposes key barriers to commercialization. It outlines research strategies to advance GSNPs toward scalable and regulation-ready nanotechnology platforms.

Flexible PVDF-based electrolyte films incorporating AgNO3/LiCl nanofillers were prepared via a solution casting process. Hybrid salt additives were introduced at varying concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt.%) into the PVDF matrix to assess their impact on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the composite films. XRD analysis confirmed a decrease in crystallinity from 36.32% in pure PVDF to 17.95% at 3.0 wt.% loading, indicating increased amorphous content conducive to ionic mobility. FTIR spectroscopy revealed strong interactions between nanofillers and the polymer, with shifts and broadening of characteristic bands. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed enhanced absorption in the UV-Visible range and a notable decrease in optical bandgaps, from 3.51 eV (direct) in pure PVDF to 2.53 eV in the 3.0 wt.% sample. AC conductivity measurements revealed a significant increase in conductivity with filler content, particularly at high frequencies, attributed to enhanced charge transport via hopping mechanisms. Dielectric analysis showed a marked increase in dielectric constant (up to 7.4 x 104 at 1.5 wt.%) and dielectric loss at low frequencies. Electric modulus and Cole-Cole plots confirmed improved relaxation behavior and reduced bulk resistance. These results demonstrate that PVDF- AgNO3/LiCl nanocomposites are promising candidates for high-performance solid polymer electrolytes in energy storage and optoelectronic applications.

Nigeria faces significant HIV prevalence disparities. Existing studies are limited, hindering targeted interventions. A comprehensive national analysis of socio-demographic and behavioral factors is crucial for effective strategies. This study addresses this gap by providing an in-depth, nationwide assessment of HIV prevalence determinants. It aims to examine the socio-demographic determinants of HIV prevalence across Nigeria, investigating the influence of gender, marital status, education, wealth, and regional differences on HIV risk to inform targeted intervention strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing nationally representative data from the 2018 Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The sample comprised 173,716 adults and 32,484 children. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess associations between socio-demographic factors and HIV prevalence. The overall HIV prevalence among adults in Nigeria was 1.36

Chitosan/polyvinylpyrrolidone (CH/PVP)-based polymer nanocomposites have emerged as promising materials for advanced electronic and biomedical applications due to their biocompatibility, processability, and tunable physicochemical properties. In this work, novel CH/PVP-Fe2O3/I2O5 hybrid nanocomposites were successfully synthesized via a solution-casting approach with different nanofiller concentrations (0.5-1.5 wt%). Structural, optical, magnetic, electrical, and dielectric properties of the prepared films were systematically investigated. XRD analysis revealed a substantial reduction in crystallinity with increasing nanofiller content, indicating enhanced amorphous character favorable for ionic transport. UV-Vis measurements showed a progressive red shift in the absorption edge and a significant reduction in both direct and indirect band gaps, attributed to charge-carrier generation and electronic structure modification induced by Fe2O3/I2O5. AC conductivity measurements revealed nearly two orders of magnitude enhancement in sigma dc (from 4.20 & times; 10-11 to 2.46 & times; 10-9 S cm- 1), governed by the correlated barrier hopping mechanism. Dielectric analysis showed improved permittivity and enhanced interfacial polarization, particularly at low frequencies. The combined results confirm that incorporating Fe2O3/I2O5 nanorods effectively tailors the structural disorder, charge transport, dielectric response, and optical transparency of the CH/PVP matrix. These findings highlight the potential of CH/ PVP-Fe2O3/I2O5 nanocomposites for flexible optoelectronic devices, energy-storage systems, and electromagnetic applications.

This work reports the fabrication and characterization of PVA/PEO-based nanocomposite films reinforced with a synergistic combination of graphene nanoplates (GNPs) and multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a modified solution casting method. Structural analysis revealed that the incorporation of carbon nanofillers effectively reduced the crystallinity of the polymer blend, promoting an amorphous structure favorable for charge transport. FTIR results confirmed strong interactions between the polymer matrix and the nanofillers. Optical investigations showed a systematic narrowing of the optical band gap and an enhancement in the refractive index with increasing nanofiller content, indicating significant modification of the electronic structure. In addition, the nanocomposite films exhibited markedly improved AC electrical conductivity and dielectric performance due to the formation of an interconnected conductive network and enhanced interfacial polarization. The combined enhancement in optical and electrical properties highlights the effectiveness of the synergistic MWCNTs/GNPs reinforcement strategy. These results demonstrate that the developed PVA/PEO nanocomposite films are promising candidates for advanced optoelectronic devices, energy storage systems, and flexible electronic applications.