Ibb University

The rapid expansion of research on green-synthesized nanoparticles (GSNPs), particularly those produced through biological processes, has generated a highly fragmented literature that obscures structural trends and translational gaps. This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of publications indexed in Scopus between 2020 and 2025 to map the intellectual landscape of GSNPs and identify priority directions for future research. The findings demonstrate that silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) dominate the field, driven by their established antibacterial effectiveness and broad biomedical and environmental utility. At the same time, plant extracts remain the primary biosynthetic resources, while alternative biological sources, including bacteria and fungi, are still inadequately investigated. The analysis also highlights the limited use of high-resolution characterization tools, including field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), compared to the prevalent conventional techniques, such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), revealing a persistent characterization gap at the nano-bio interface. The geographic analysis highlights Asia, especially India and China, as leading contributors, supported by dense international collaboration networks. Conceptually, the study clarifies green synthesis within the 12 principles of green chemistry, integrating biological, physical, and chemical methods and proposing a taxonomy that resolves the frequent conflation of green synthesis with biosynthesis alone. Finally, by linking bibliometric patterns to toxicity and regulatory keywords, the analysis exposes key barriers to commercialization. It outlines research strategies to advance GSNPs toward scalable and regulation-ready nanotechnology platforms.

Nigeria faces significant HIV prevalence disparities. Existing studies are limited, hindering targeted interventions. A comprehensive national analysis of socio-demographic and behavioral factors is crucial for effective strategies. This study addresses this gap by providing an in-depth, nationwide assessment of HIV prevalence determinants. It aims to examine the socio-demographic determinants of HIV prevalence across Nigeria, investigating the influence of gender, marital status, education, wealth, and regional differences on HIV risk to inform targeted intervention strategies. A cross-sectional study was conducted utilizing nationally representative data from the 2018 Nigeria AIDS Indicator and Impact Survey (NAIIS). The sample comprised 173,716 adults and 32,484 children. Descriptive statistics, chi-square tests, and multivariate logistic regression were employed to assess associations between socio-demographic factors and HIV prevalence. The overall HIV prevalence among adults in Nigeria was 1.36

Flexible PVDF-based electrolyte films incorporating AgNO3/LiCl nanofillers were prepared via a solution casting process. Hybrid salt additives were introduced at varying concentrations (0.5, 1.5, and 3.0 wt.%) into the PVDF matrix to assess their impact on the structural, optical, and electrical properties of the composite films. XRD analysis confirmed a decrease in crystallinity from 36.32% in pure PVDF to 17.95% at 3.0 wt.% loading, indicating increased amorphous content conducive to ionic mobility. FTIR spectroscopy revealed strong interactions between nanofillers and the polymer, with shifts and broadening of characteristic bands. UV-Vis spectroscopy showed enhanced absorption in the UV-Visible range and a notable decrease in optical bandgaps, from 3.51 eV (direct) in pure PVDF to 2.53 eV in the 3.0 wt.% sample. AC conductivity measurements revealed a significant increase in conductivity with filler content, particularly at high frequencies, attributed to enhanced charge transport via hopping mechanisms. Dielectric analysis showed a marked increase in dielectric constant (up to 7.4 x 104 at 1.5 wt.%) and dielectric loss at low frequencies. Electric modulus and Cole-Cole plots confirmed improved relaxation behavior and reduced bulk resistance. These results demonstrate that PVDF- AgNO3/LiCl nanocomposites are promising candidates for high-performance solid polymer electrolytes in energy storage and optoelectronic applications.

This article aims to provide a corpus-based study on Arabic nominalization as form of pragmatic actions in digital discourse, utilizing posts from X (formerly Twitter). This study examines how nominalization functions pragmatically to shape meaning, frame discourse, and reflect sociocultural and political ideologies. These themes were found to be productive in sociocultural, political, and identity-related discourses resulting in 5705 nominals in a period spanning over 5 months. The corpus was compiled using Python 3.11.9 targeting only public pages, and every possible action was taken to maintain adherence to X.com’s terms of use, and to safeguard X.com pages’ privacy, coming up with 9 nominalization patterns such as تفاعُل, تفعُّل, مفعلة, فعالة, and فَعْلة. Findings reveal that nominalization frequently encapsulates various sociocultural and political stances constructing several pragmatic themes: Arab identity and nationalism, uncertainty about the future, State-people divide, nostalgia for the past, and hope for a better tomorrow. The study concludes that Arabic nominalization serves not only as a linguistic resource, but also as a powerful discursive/pragmatic strategy in Arabic social media, enabling users to package ideas persuasively and frame social realities.

Heritage buildings pose persistent challenges for documentation and conservation due to their geometric complexity, material heterogeneity, and the fragmentation of spatial and semantic datasets. To address these limitations, this study proposes a geospatially enabled HBIM–GIS framework that integrates hybrid photogrammetric survey data with semantic modeling and spatial analysis to support evidence-based conservation planning. A multi-source acquisition strategy combining terrestrial digital photogrammetry (TDP), Unmanned aerial vehicle digital photogrammetry (UAVDP), and spherical photogrammetry (SP) was employed to capture accurate geometric and semantic information across multiple spatial scales. Staged point-cloud fusion (UAVDP → TDP via ICP; SP → UAV–TDP via SICP) generated a high-density, georeferenced composite, achieving RMS residuals below 0.013 m and resulting in an integrated dataset exceeding 360 million points. From this composite, authoritative 2D drawings and a reality-based 3D HBIM model were developed, while GIS thematic mapping translated heterogeneous observations into structured, queryable layers representing materials, cracks, detachments, deformations, and construction phases. The proposed framework enabled the spatial diagnosis of deterioration mechanisms, revealing moisture-driven decay from plinth to mid-wall and concentrated cracking at openings and architectural transitions; side-to-side cracks accounted for approximately 55% and 65% of mapped fissures on the most affected façades. By embedding these diagnostics as element-level attributes within the HBIM environment, the framework supports precise localization, quantification, and prioritization of conservation interventions, ensuring material-compatible and location-specific decision making. The applicability of the framework is demonstrated through its implementation on a complex historic mosque in Yemen, validating its robustness under constrained access and resource-limited conditions. Overall, the study demonstrates that geospatially integrated HBIM–GIS workflows provide a reproducible, scalable, and transferable solution for the sustainable documentation and conservation of heritage buildings, supporting long-term monitoring and informed management of cultural heritage assets worldwide.