IILM University, or in its full name Institute of Integrated Learning in Management University, is a private university located in Gurgaon, Haryana, India. It was established on 6 April 2018 under the Haryana Private Universities (Amendment) Act, 2018, after the Bill was approved by the Haryana Legislative Assembly in March 2018. It evolved from the Gurgaon campus of IILM Institute for Higher Education, established 1993.
PurposeThis study presents a meta-analytic framework grounded in parasocial relationship (PSR) theory, source credibility theory and the theory of planned behaviour to synthesize the literature on parasocial relations and their influence on purchase intentions.Design/methodology/approachThe study utilized the meta-analytic bivariate analysis to examine the proposed model and relationships within it to address inconsistencies in the existing research through moderation analysis.FindingsThe findings reveal that perceived similarity, engagement, trustworthiness and brand credibility positively influence consumer attitudes, which subsequently drive purchase intentions. Meanwhile, attractiveness has a negative impact on attitudes, while perceived utility, expertise and sponsorship disclosure show no significant effect. Moderation results further demonstrate that these relationships vary depending on contextual (country growth, Internet penetration and cultural perspective) and methodological (gender, research method, age and sample size) factors within the PSR literature and highlight the reasons for inconsistencies in the existing literature.Research limitations/implicationsThis review contributes to advancing the theoretical understanding of PSR. From a practical standpoint, it offers important insights for marketers on optimizing parasocial dynamics to effectively influence consumer attitudes and purchasing behaviour.Originality/valueThe study contributes to the PSR literature by synthesizing the previous studies' findings.
Emerging contaminants (ECs), which comprise pharmaceuticals, pesticides, herbicides, personal care products, and persistent industrial chemicals, are increasingly detected in various environmental compartments. They enter the environment through domestic waste, industrial discharge, sewage systems, agricultural runoff, and atmospheric deposition, threatening human, wildlife, and environmental health. Due to their persistent and bioaccumulative nature, they remain in the environment for a very long time and enter food chains, thereby causing hormonal, immunological, endocrinological, neurological, and carcinogenic effects. Various remediation techniques, namely membrane filtration, activated carbon adsorption, and nanotechnology-based remediation, have been developed that offer high removal efficiency but are limited by high cost, energy demand, and secondary waste generation. In contrast, phytoremediation offers a cost-effective and environment-friendly alternative. Among them, vetiver-based phytoremediation has gained attention due to its deep fibrous roots, tolerance to extreme environmental stresses, and association with diverse rhizosphere microbial communities. These traits collectively enhance processes such as phytoextraction, rhizodegradation, and phytostabilization. Vetiver has shown promising potential for the removal of a range of ECs, namely antibiotics (tetracycline, ciprofloxacin), NSAIDs (ibuprofen, diclofenac), pesticides and herbicides (endosulfan, atrazine), explosives (TNT, RDX, DNAN), and even radioactive isotopes (¹³⁷Cs, ⁹⁰Sr) under controlled experimental conditions. Despite such promising studies, a comprehensive assessment of vetiver for ECs remediation remains limited. This review addresses this gap by providing a detailed discussion on the application and potential of vetiver for the removal of ECs from soil and water. The possible role of various factors, such as morphological features of vetiver, root-associated microbes, root zone enzymes, etc., in facilitating the remediation of different emerging contaminants has been critically evaluated. Furthermore, key limitations of phytoremediation are discussed along with future research pathways to integrate vetiver systems with complementary technologies for enhanced efficiency and establishing vetiver as a sustainable and versatile solution for the remediation of emerging environmental contaminants.
The Internet of Things (IoT) market experiences rapid growth, which creates a requirement for energy management systems that can independently operate in a sustainable manner. Traditional energy harvesting (EH) techniques depend on either static methods or computation-intensive processes, which limit their ability to function in changing environmental conditions. This paper presents a self-evolving energy harvesting system that uses hybrid bio-inspired scheduling algorithms to control energy harvesting and consumption throughout real-time operations. ACO creates energy source priority lists based on past harvesting performance because PSO enables operators to shift their scheduling plans between different modes without incurring heavy computational requirements. The framework uses mathematical modeling to express its energy behavior and system flexibility and environmental sustainability performance. Simulation tests conducted in a diverse smart-farm IoT environment show that our system achieves 35% better energy efficiency and 42% longer network operation time when compared to traditional static systems and learning-based methods. The current research makes an important scientific contribution by developing an energy management system that operates with minimal resource demands and can adjust to various situations, which connects bio-inspired research with actual resource-limited IoT applications.
Two-dimensional MoS2 has garnered significant attention for its promising electronic and optoelectronic properties; however, controlled tuning of its structural and functional characteristics remains a key challenge. Ion implantation offers a potential route for atomic-scale defect engineering. Its precise effect on MoS2 thin films is still unclear. In the present study, the effects of 70 KeV Au ion implantation at fluences of 1 & times; 1013 and 2 & times; 1013 ions cm-2 on the atomic-scale defect-assisted electronic behavior of MoS2 thin films are investigated. The Au ion implantation is shown to effectively tune this property. For instance, at a moderate fluence, i.e., 1 & times; 1013 ions cm-2, increased defect density leads to reduced crystallinity, enhanced conducting behavior, and lower surface roughness. Increasing the fluence to 2 & times; 1013 ions & centerdot;cm-2 may induce partial transformation or phase coexistence (2H or 1T) and slightly lower conducting. Further, the defect-induced modifications influence excitonic behavior and strain effects. By considering ion implantation as an efficient tools, these findings demonstrate that the moderately implanted sample is highly promising for high-performance applications in nanoelectronics and optoelectronics devices, such as field-effect transistors (FET).
Defect engineering provides an effective means of tuning the charge transport in ferrimagnetic oxides. Here, we present a comparative study of M-type (BaFe12O19, SrFe12O19) and W-type (BaCo2Fe16O27, BaZn2Fe16O27) hexaferrites synthesized via sol-gel auto-combustion. Using XRD, SEM, TEM, dielectric measurements, and current-voltage measurements, lattice defects are linked to charge-carrier conduction pathways. XRD confirmed phase-pure hexagonal structures with nanocrystallite sizes of 33-36 nm. High-resolution TEM revealed edge dislocations and planar strain fields in BaFe12O19, along with stacking-fault arrays in BaCo2Fe16O27, which create localized strain-induced potential fluctuations. The presence of dislocations and oxygen-vacancy defects promotes field-assisted thermionic emission with trap densities of similar to 1016 cm-3 and earlier onset of space-charge-limited conduction. Dielectric spectroscopy revealed Maxwell-Wagner relaxation, while the J-E analysis indicated that Schottky emission dominates, with secondary space-charge-limited conduction occurring at high electric fields. The results demonstrate that oxygen-vacancy and strain-related defects serve as active transport mediators, providing a pathway to tune the electrical properties of ferrites for multifunctional electronic and energy applications.
