Indian Institute of Science Education and Research, Mohali (IISER Mohali) is an autonomous public university established in 2007 at Mohali, Punjab, India. It is one of the seven Indian Institutes of Science Education and Research (IISERs), established by the Ministry of Human Resources and Development, Government of India, to research in frontier areas of science and to provide science education at the undergraduate and postgraduate level. It was established after IISER Pune and IISER Kolkata and is recognised as an Institute of National Importance by the Government of India. It promote research in various fields of science.
Abstract Recent observations from the DESI survey have reignited the debate on the true nature of dark energy, challenging the standard model of cosmology. The results suggest a preference for dynamical dark energy rather than a constant. Several recent analyses of DESI data indicate that the universe’s expansion may not be accelerating in the way suggested by supernova based cosmology. Motivated by these studies, we investigated a tachyon type scalar field $$\phi $$ ϕ as a model for dark energy, assuming an exponential potential for the field and performed parameter estimation using MCMC techniques. Such a model offers solutions that have $$w\sim -1$$ w ∼ - 1 and are decelerating without requiring a phantom like equation of state (EoS). The present day value of EoS parameter is treated as a free parameter. However, for the reference model, we fix its present value to $$-1$$ - 1 . The analysis is carried out using Pantheon+ and BAO measurements from DESI. The results show that both types of datasets consistently predict a turnaround in the EoS, regardless of whether $$w_{\phi 0}$$ w ϕ 0 is treated as a free parameter or fixed to $$-1$$ - 1 . The corresponding deceleration parameter also exhibits a future turnaround for both datasets when $$w_{\phi 0}$$ w ϕ 0 is free. However, in the reference model with $$w_{\phi 0}=-1$$ w ϕ 0 = - 1 , the deceleration parameter instead approaches $$-1$$ - 1 asymptotically. A model comparison shows that the Pantheon+ dataset favors free $$w_{\phi 0}$$ w ϕ 0 , while BAO observations prefer $$w_{\phi 0} = -1$$ w ϕ 0 = - 1 . This indicates a disagreement in the future evolution predicted by the two datasets within the tachyon dark energy model.
We present an efficient one-pot transformation for the synthesis of unprecedented classes of cyclopropyl-fused allocolchicinoids through the discovery of a new reactivity pattern of sulfoxonium ylides. This hybrid strategy rationally manipulates the nucleophilic character of sulfur ylides to achieve the regio- and stereoselective construction of structurally intriguing allocolchicinoids bearing multiple stereocenters. Notably, this methodology represents the first general approach to sp3-rich dibenzocycloheptanes, including enantiomerically enriched variants. Furthermore, we have demonstrated the synthetic utility of this protocol in preparing various advanced intermediates pertinent to natural product synthesis and medicinal chemistry. Comprehensive biological studies have identified a potent analogue that disrupts microtubule organization and dynamics, leading to mitotic arrest and the consequent attenuation of influenza A virus infection.
Variational quantum algorithms are emerging as promising candidates for near-term practical applications of quantum information processors in the field of quantum chemistry. We implement a variational quantum deflation algorithm to calculate the excited-state energy of the H _2 molecule and experimentally demonstrate it on an NMR quantum simulator. We also develop a simulation of the energy calculation of the H _2 molecule using only a single qubit and verify the results on the same NMR quantum simulator. Our experimental results demonstrate that a single NMR qubit suffices to calculate the molecular energies of the H _2 molecule to the desired accuracy.
We propose a diagnostic tool, a temperature estimator, for lattice gauge theory simulations. The estimator is obtained from the gradient and the Hessian of the Euclidean lattice action. It is gauge invariant, configuration-based, and independent of momentum-space information. These features enable direct checks of thermodynamic consistency in Monte Carlo simulations. We apply this tool to compact U(1) lattice gauge theories in one, two, and four dimensions. The results confirm the proposed estimator's ability to reproduce the input temperatures across different lattice ensembles. The estimator is sensitive to sampling inefficiencies and algorithmic artifacts, making it a useful diagnostic for large-scale simulations.
Nano-pesticides are driving a paradigm shift toward sustainable plant protection. This review systematically synthesizes recent advances across four interconnected domains: (i) intelligent formulation design for targeted delivery and controlled release; (ii) interfacial behavior regulation to enhance foliar deposition; (iii) multi-omics elucidation of synergistic efficacy and molecular interactions; and (iv) environmental fate management, including risk mitigation and microbiome remediation. By integrating these multiscale innovations, the field is advancing nano-enabled crop protection from laboratory research toward field application. Collectively, this convergence provides a scientific foundation and interdisciplinary roadmap needed to build next-generation agricultural systems that are resource-efficient and ecologically compatible.
