Abstract Anaerobic digestate obtained from a digester operated on food waste was further treated in a dual-chamber microbial fuel cell (D-MFC) for nutrient recovery. Digestate was fed to the D-MFC at different dilutions [chemical oxygen demand (COD): 1,000–5,000 mg/L] in fed-batch mode and at different organic loading rates (OLRs) (0.85–1.70 kg/m 3 /day) in continuous mode. Peak power densities of 2.02 and 1.72 W/m 3 were achieved at a COD concentration of 3,000 mg/L and OLR of 1.35 kg/m 3 /day, respectively, due to strengthened metabolic activity of exoelectrogens. However, at an excessively high OLR, reactor performance declined due to variation in the microbial community structure, facilitating the dominance of non-exoelectrogens over exoelectrogenic microorganisms. Based on D-MFC operation over 80 days, the average COD and ammonia ( NH 4 + - N ) removal efficiencies were 96 ± 1 percent and 62 ± 3 percent, respectively, while phosphorus release increased the average PO 4 3 − - P concentrations to 33 mg/L in anode effluent. Further, struvite precipitation led to NH 4 + - N and PO 4 3 − - P recovery of 87 percent and 94 percent, respectively, thus yielding 3.17 kg struvite/m 3 of treated digestate. Technoeconomic analysis for a 2,000 L D-MFC indicated a payback period of six years for the initial capital expenditure based on revenue generation from recovered nutrients and wastewater treatment. Overall, the long-term operational stability and enhanced nutrient recovery prove this approach to be a promising solution for AD effluent management on a large scale.
Sugar beet pulp (SBP) is an abundant polysaccharide-rich agro-industrial residue with distinctly low lignin and significant pectin content. Suitable pretreatment strategies tailored to SBP constituents are thus critical for its valorisation to diverse products. We developed two novel pretreatments, hydrogen peroxide-tween 80 (PS) and polypropylene glycol (PPG) and benchmarked them against dilute hydrochloric acid pretreatment (DAP). The process development includes response surface optimization, sequential pectinase-cellulase hydrolysis, and a techno-economic analysis (TEA). DAP achieved 75% theoretical arabinose yield (28.59 g/L) while solubilizing 80% of pectin, recovered via ethanol precipitation. A subsequent cellulase hydrolysis released 45.1 g/L glucose at 83% theoretical yield. PS removed 62-67% lignin through oxidative delignification with minimal sugar loss (less than 2 g/L), and PPG substantially improved enzyme accessibility through solvent-mediated surface disruption with negligible PPG loading. Sequential enzymatic hydrolysis produced 59.4 g/L and 55.3 g/L total sugars (ara + GalA dominant) from the pectinase stage, and 69.6 g/L and 81.7 g/L (glucose dominant) from the cellulase stage, for PS and PPG, respectively. TEA, using 100 MT SBP/day as plant capacity, showed that the production costs per kg of sugar mixtures were $0.41, $1.03, and $0.96 for DAP, PS, and PPG, respectively. However, DAP's apparent cost advantage is contingent on pectin co-product revenue. Without this credit, its production cost rises to $1.05/kg. This work validates PS and PPG as viable novel pretreatments and establishes a comparative framework linking process chemistry, enzymatic performance, and economics for pretreatment selection in SBP-based 2G biorefinery.
Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory disease affecting approximately 2–3
We carry out a Bayesian model comparison analysis to determine the dark matter model that best describes the Milky Way rotation curve, using four recent compilations of rotation-curve velocities with the Gaia data. We compare these data using three different baryonic models along with seven different dark matter models. Within the adopted modeling framework and Gaia-based rotation curve datasets, we find that the Einasto profile provides the preferred phenomenological fit compared to the NFW profile} across most combinations of datasets and baryonic models. We also find that the cored dark profiles are preferred over the (cuspy) NFW profile. We also test MOND using three different interpolating functions and find that, within the implementations considered, the models provide poorer fits than the preferred dark matter profiles. Finally, among the different baryonic models considered, none is decisively favored over the others.
Incorporation of reclaimed asphalt pavement (RAP) material in cement grouted bituminous mixes (CGBM) offers environmental and economic benefits; however, the presence of aged RAP binder increases mixture stiffness, potentially affecting mix performance. This study evaluates the effectiveness of using styrene-butadiene latex as a grout modifier to improve the binder-grout adhesion and performance of CGBM containing RAP material. Three RAP incorporation levels (0, 20, and 50
