We present the COSMOS Spectroscopic Redshift Compilation encompassing ∼20 yr of spectroscopic redshifts within a 10 deg ^2 area centered on the 2 deg ^2 COSMOS legacy field. This compilation contains 487,666 redshifts of 266,284 unique objects from 138 individual programs up to z ∼ 8 with median stellar mass ∼10 ^8.4 –10 ^10 M _⊙ (redshift dependent). Rest-frame NUVrJ colors and star formation rate–stellar mass correlations show that the compilation primarily contains low-to-intermediate-mass star-forming and massive, quiescent galaxies at z < 1.25 and mostly low-mass bursty star-forming galaxies at z > 2. Sources in the compilation cover a diverse range of environments, including protoclusters such as “Hyperion.” The full compilation is 50% spectroscopically complete by i ∼ 23.4 mag and K _s ∼ 21.6 mag; however, this is redshift dependent. Spatially, the compilation is >50% (>30%) complete within the central (outer) region limited to i < 24 mag and K _s < 22.5 mag, separately. We demonstrate how the compilation can be used to validate photometric redshifts and investigate calibration metrics. By training self-organizing maps on COSMOS2020/Classic and projecting the compilation onto it, we find key subpopulations currently lacking spectroscopic coverage, including z < 1 intermediate-mass quiescent and low-/intermediate-mass bursty star-forming galaxies, z ∼ 2 massive quiescent galaxies, and z > 3 massive star-forming galaxies. This highlights how combining self-organizing maps with our compilation can provide guidance for future spectroscopic observations to get a complete spectroscopic view of galaxy populations. Lastly, the compilation will undergo periodic data releases incorporating new spectroscopic redshifts and providing a lasting legacy resource for the community.
PIEZO and TRP channels are receptors for physical stimuli such as mechanical touch and temperature in sensory neurons. As these receptors are localized in the plasma membrane, the modulation of their activities by membrane lipids has recently attracted attention. In this study, we focused on ether phospholipids (ePLs) enriched in neurons and analyzed their role in somatosensation using Drosophila. Reduced mechanosensory behavior was observed with ePL-synthesizing gene knockout or knockdown in PIEZO-expressing neurons. PIEZO activation was significantly augmented in the presence of ePLs. Furthermore, we observed that ePLs modulate the thermosensory behavior and reduce the temperature threshold of TRPA1. Finally, we revealed that ePLs affect membrane tension and lipid order of the plasma membrane in cultured cells. Our study identified ePLs as a modulator of a specific set of receptors for multiple somatosensory modalities, which underscores the significance of functional interaction between membrane lipids and sensory channel proteins.
This study investigates the stability of nano-oxide particles in fully recrystallized 12Cr oxide dispersion strengthened (ODS) steel under Fe-ion irradiation at 673 K. A pronounced reduction in nano-oxide number density and size distribution was investigated using cross-sectional transmission electron microscopy (TEM). To evaluate the influence of dose-rate gradient effects on nano-oxide behavior, we analyzed two specific regions that received the same dose-rate but differed in gradients: a region at a depth of 450 nm (low dose-rate gradient) and a region at 1000 nm (high dose-rate gradient). Statistical analysis revealed that nano-oxide dissolution was significantly more efficient in the high-gradient region. Kinetic modeling indicated that the dose-rate gradient generates a steep vacancy concentration gradient. This induces directional vacancy fluxes, which enhance the diffusion of yttrium into the matrix and promote oxide dissolution. Additionally, a high density of dislocation loops at the depth of maximum radiation damage likely enhances pipe diffusion, proliferating oxide dissolution. The findings provide new insight into gradient-driven microstructural evolution in ODS steels and contribute to establishing a more comprehensive mechanistic understanding of nano-oxide behavior under irradiation.
In the control of a large structure, hydraulic equipment is often used because it requires a large output. In this study, we focus on a telescope as an example of a large structure, and experimentally verify the basic characteristics of the hydraulic support system for the telescope. Large telescopes are equipped with a hydraulic system that adjusts the deformation of the structure, because the change in ambient temperature causes the expansion of the structure, thereby degrading the observational performance of the telescope. In the authors’ previous report, a simple dynamic transfer function model of this system has been derived. In this report, an experimental apparatus simulating the system is built, and the static and dynamic transient response characteristics are evaluated. The transfer function model is evaluated using the experimental response results. As a result, it is confirmed that the system has sufficient properties to achieve a high observational performance of the telescope and that the proposed transfer function model adequately reproduces the properties.
We present a new analysis of cosmic dipole anisotropy using gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) as high-redshift standardizable candles. GRBs are ideal probes for testing the cosmological principle thanks to their high luminosity, wide redshift range, and nearly isotropic sky coverage. For the first time, we employ the luminosity-time (L-T) relation, known in the literature as the bidimensional X-ray Dainotti relation, corrected for redshift evolution, to standardize a sample of 176 long GRBs detected by Swift. We test for dipolar modulations in the GRB Hubble diagram using both the Dipole Fit Method and a new approach introduced here, the Anisotropic Residual Analysis Method. Both methods yield consistent results: a dipole amplitude of Ad similar or equal to 0.6 +/- 0.2 pointing towards (RA, DEC) approximate to(134 degrees +/- 30 degrees, -36 degrees +/- 21 degrees) (equatorial coordinates). As shown in the Appendix, this corresponds to a boost velocity of the observer with respect to the GRB rest-frame in the antipodal direction from the dipole direction. Extensive isotropy tests and 20,000 Monte Carlo simulations confirm that the detected signal cannot be explained by chance alignments or by the angular distribution of the GRB sample. We also show how, by incorporating a dipole term, residual correlations are eliminated, showing that the dipole model provides a better fit than standard isotropic Lambda CDM.
