Founded in 1986, the International University of Monaco (IUM) (French: Université internationale de Monaco) is located in the Principality of Monaco. It offers undergraduate and graduate degrees in business specialized in finance, marketing, sport business management and international management, taught in English. Bachelor program at this university consists of 3 academic years. Masters program consists of 1 academic year. Prior to 2002, it was known as the University of Southern Europe.
This paper examines the role of emotional responses, as framed by the Pleasure-Arousal-Dominance (PAD) model, in mediating the relationship between customer experience (CX), satisfaction, and loyalty within the U.S. retail banking sector, addressing a critical gap in understanding the affective mechanisms through which customer experience influences satisfaction and behavioral outcomes. A quantitative survey was administered to 395 active U.S. banking customers recruited through the Prolific platform using purposive sampling, employing covariance-based structural equation modeling (CB-SEM) where emotional dimensions (Pleasure and Dominance) mediate the influence of customer experience, measured by the EXQ scale (Klaus and Maklan, 2013), on satisfaction and loyalty. Rigorous validity assessments were conducted, including Heterotrait-Monotrait ratio (HTMT) analysis, bootstrapping for mediation effects, and control variable analysis. The results show that emotions, particularly Pleasure, significantly mediate the CX-satisfaction link, accounting for 37.80
Conflict over increasingly scarce resources such as freshwater, energy, arable land or wildlife has been identified as a major security threat in a world facing climate change. The literature suggests that asymmetric appropriation of resources facilitates such scarcity-related conflicts. We test this in a novel experimental design based on a dynamic common-pool resource game. In a 2x2 treatment design, we vary Asymmetry/Symmetry and Scarcity/Abundance. We induce Asymmetry by manipulating the perceived availability of the resource. Participants are nudged into high or low appropriations in the first round of the dynamic common-pool resource game. We implement Scarcity as environmental scarcity in the form of low reproduction rates of the renewable resource. Conflict is measured in a second stage of each round in a joy-of-destruction game. We find that environmental scarcity mitigates conflict under Symmetry, but not under Asymmetry. Our findings suggest that a world characterized by increasing scarcity might face exacerbated future conflicts if issues of asymmetric resource use are not properly addressed.
