IQ City Medical College

Background: End-stage kidney disease is increasing worldwide, primarily in the developing countries. It is affecting mainly the productive age group. We therefore sought to describe the clinical and epidemiological characteristics of hemodialysis patients. Aims and Objective: To identify the socio-demographic characteristics, comorbidities and clinical profile of patients treated with hemodialysis. Material and Methods: This was a descriptive, cross-sectional study conducted among 40CKD patients undergoing hemodialysis at I.Q City medical college and Hospital, Durgapur, West Bengal. The study was based on the patients’ attending Hemodialysis Unit in between April 2025 to March 2026. The ethical clearance for the research was taken. 40 patients were retrieved and data was collected according to Performa. Socio demographic profiles including age, sex and clinical data including etiology, duration of CKD, duration of hemodialysis and laboratory parameters including hemogram and renal function test were recorded. Patients more than 20 years and above and receiving hemodialysis more than six months included in the study. Results: Among all 40 patients, range age is 24 to 66 years with mean (SD) 45.46(±12.32) years. Almost half of the patients 20(50%) belongs to the middle age group (36-56) years followed by 10(25%) comprises as senior citizens (60 and above) years. Twenty-six (65%) are male and 14(35%) patients are female. Similarly, 27(67.5%) are married and majority 32(80%) belongs to Hindu community. 33(82.5%) were as nuclear family. Regarding education level, eighteen (45%) were illiterate and only 3(7.5%) had University level education and 36(90%) were dependent on their family after starting the treatment. Conclusion: Hypertension and diabetes were the leading cause of End stage renal disease in most of the patients. Early diagnosis, treatment and proper follow up of the risk factors will be the key to prevent progression of chronic kidney disease into the end stage requiring hemodialysis or Renal Transplant.

Introduction: Diabetes Mellitus (DM) causes numerous complications due to the formation of Advanced Glycation End-products (AGEs) in the presence of persistent hyperglycaemia. These products also alter the coagulation activity, leading to microvascular and macrovascular complications in the long-term. Diabetic patients are not routinely screened for assessing their thrombotic status Prothrombin Time (PT) and activated Partial Thromboplastin Time (aPTT) that could be associated with their glycaemic index (HbA1C). Aim: To evaluate the coagulation profile among Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients and its association with their glycaemic index and long-term complications. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional observational study was conducted in the Department of Pathology, IQ City Medical College and Hospital (tertiary care hospital), Durgapur,West Bengal, India over a period of six months April 2023 to October 2023, in which 60 diabetic (patients with pre-diagnosed type II diabetes mellitus) and 60 non diabetic (apparently healthy individuals) were included. Glycosylated Haemoglobin (HbA1c), PT, aPTT were compared between diabetic and non diabetic, the diabetic with good glycaemic control (HbA1C <7) and diabetic with poor glycaemic control (HbA1C>7) and diabetic with and without complications by Student’s t-test using Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) version 16.0. The p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Result: Among 60 diabetic and 60 non diabetic individuals in the age group of 30 to 75, 52 (43.33%) were females and 68 (56.67%) were males. Among the diabetics, 29 (48.33%) had good glycaemic control, and 31 (51.67%) had poor glycaemic control. Among them, 17 (28.33%) of the diabetic cases had clinical features of microvascular complications. The mean PT, International Normalised Ratio (INR) and aPTT were significantly lower in diabetic compared to non diabetic (p-value <0.05). The coagulation profile showed no significant changes in good and poor glycaemic control groups and in diabetics with and without microvascular complications. Duration of diabetes was significantly longer in patients with complications than those without (p-value=0.003). HbA1c was increased in diabetics with complications, but did not show statistical significance. Conclusion: A hypercoagulant state occurs in diabetes and results in a deranged coagulation profile that has been supported by the significant decrease in PT, INR and aPTT among diabetics in the present study. Microvascular complications are more strongly associated with the duration of diabetes.

Background: Population aging is accelerating globally, with a disproportionate impact in low- and middle-income countries where socioeconomic inequities persist. Cognitive impairment (CI) is a major threat to functional independence and quality of life among older adults, yet evidence remains limited for highly marginalized groups such as urban slum–dwelling elderly populations. Study Design: This was an observational, cross-sectional, analytical epidemiological study. Methods: The study was conducted from April to September 2023 among 238 adults aged ≥60 years residing in urban slums of an eastern Indian district. Participants were selected using a 30-cluster sampling technique. Cognitive function was assessed using the Bangla adaptation of Mini-Mental State Examination, and depression using the Five-Item Geriatric Depression Scale. Sociodemographic, economic, dietary, and clinical variables were collected through face-to-face interviews. Bivariate analyses followed by multivariable logistic regression were used to identify independent predictors of CI. Results: Overall, 65.5% of participants had mild-to-severe CI. After adjustment, individuals aged 60–79 years (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] = 1.91; P = 0.001), those belonging to SC/OBC caste (AOR = 1.83; P < 0.001), economically dependent older adults (AOR = 1.60; P = 0.016), and those with depression (AOR = 2.12; P < 0.001) had significantly higher odds of CI, and these factors remained statistically significant independent predictors. Conclusions: CI is highly prevalent among urban slum–dwelling older adults. Social disadvantage, financial dependency, and depression substantially increase vulnerability, underscoring the need for integrated, equity-oriented interventions focusing on mental health care, social protection, and cognitive screening to promote healthy aging in marginalized urban populations.

Background: Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is often associated with mineral and bone disorders, notably renal osteodystrophy. This condition is closely related to abnormalities in calcium, phosphate, and vitamin D metabolism. Aims and Objective: To study the relationship between renal osteodystrophy and serum vitamin D levels in patients with chronic kidney disease. Material and Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in the Department of Medicine in I.Q city hospital, including 76 patients diagnosed with chronic kidney disease. Serum vitamin D levels, parathyroid hormone (PTH), calcium, and phosphate were measured. Bone mineral density (BMD) was assessed using dualenergy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Results: Among the 76 patients, 50% exhibited renal osteodystrophy. A significant correlation was found between low serum vitamin D levels and the severity of renal osteodystrophy. The mean serum vitamin D level in patients with renal osteodystrophy was significantly lower than in those without. Conclusion: The study highlights the importance of monitoring serum vitamin D levels in patients with chronic kidney disease, emphasizing its role in the pathogenesis of renal osteodystrophy.

Background: Mass drug administration (MDA) remains one of the important pillars in the elimination of lymphatic filariasis (LF). In spite of its continuation for a long time, the acceptance of MDA is still not satisfactory. Objectives: The aim of this study was to find out the awareness and participation of patients suffering from LF about MDA. Material and Methods: The study was a community-based cross-sectional study conducted in a Gram Panchayat area of Paschim Burdwan District of West Bengal. Altogether, 115 patients were identified by the flashcard of the National Center for Vector Borne Diseases Control and were considered for the study. Data were analyzed by the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences software. Results: Most of the filariasis patients (91.3%) had awareness of MDA. About 88.7% of patients received drugs in the last MDA campaign, and 78.4% of them also received counseling. Among the patients who received drugs, 39.2% were advised to consume the drugs in front of the drug distributors. Overall, 18.6% of patients did not consume the drugs, and the reasons were fear of side effects, dissatisfaction, and ignorance. About 22.9% of patients experienced side effects after taking MDA, and out of them, only one patient received remedial medicine. About 37% of patients did not encourage their fellow neighbors, and side effects of the drugs (52.5%) and non-satisfaction (27.5%) were the main reasons. Conclusion: Thus, MDA efforts would extend beyond simply distributing the drugs. Thus, health education, counseling about side effects, ensuring direct observation of consumption, monitoring of side effects, and availability of the remedial drugs are the need of the hour.