Early diagnosis of mental vulnerability is still a problem since most clinical evaluations are based on the subjective aspects of evaluation like self-report and not on the objective physiological indications. The idea of psychological resilience which is a fundamental protective factor against stress related disorders has been connected to the autonomic regulation and daily behavioral patterns, but the objective method of calculating on such a scale is yet to be established. This paper presents a multimodal graph neural network, which combines the wearable derived physiological signals to forecast trait level resilience and stress as well as state level. The ongoing heart activity, electrodermal activity, and motion data of adult participants were gathered and matched with resilient score proven validated scores. Participant specific graphs were created whereby physiological modalities were the nodes and the inter signal dependencies were the edges. Statistical analysis showed that there were significant physiological disparities that were related to resilience. High resilience group members had much better values of root mean square of successive differences and physical activity per day (mean difference on 1000 extra steps per day, p = 0.003). The proposed graph neural network (GNN) performed well in classification tasks in terms of area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (0.80 +- 0.02) to differentiate high and low resilience, which was significantly better than that of logistic regression (0.60), random forest (0.65), and long short-term memory models (0.72), with the difference being supported by DeLong test (p < 0.01). Graph based learning also offers added benefits of discrimination and physiologically explainable output and thus can facilitate its future as a scalable and objective digital mental health monitoring and early risk stratification tool.
Introduction: The Competency-Based Medical Education (CBME) curriculum, introduced by the National Medical Commission (NMC), represents a transformative approach to undergraduate medical training in India. Within this framework, the incorporation of Electives enables students to explore areas of personal interest, enhance clinical and research competencies and foster professional development. Need of the study: Although electives have been well-received, effective implementation requires active engagement from all stakeholders. Despite the completion of Electives postings by a few Bachelor of Medicine and Bachelor of Surgery (MBBS) batches, challenges persist in ensuring their optimal execution and efficacy. Previous studies have mainly employed observational methods, focusing on student or faculty perceptions. However, these evaluations have overlooked the perspectives of the Planning and Implementation Committee (PIC) members who play a vital role in shaping curriculum design, resource allocation and policy development. Aim: This study aims to systematically evaluate stakeholder perceptions (students, faculty and PIC members) and implement targeted changes based on these insights. Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study will be conducted at the Burdwan Medical College, Kolkata, West Bengal, India from March 2025 to December 2025, using three distinct self-administered semi-structured questionnaires including MBBS students from two consecutive batches (2020-21 and 2021-22), their preceptors and PIC members regarding the Elective module. An intervention involving the design of operational guidelines and induction sessions for students and faculty will precede Electives for the 2021-22 batch of students. Descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage, mean, median, standard deviation) will summarise responses to closed-ended questions. Inferential statistics such as paired t-tests and Chi-squared tests will be used for comparative analysis of responses from both participant groups. The p-value <0.05 will be considered significant. Open-ended responses will undergo thematic analysis to extract core insights and patterns.
Introduction: PCOS, newly named PMOS (polyendocrine-metabolic-ovarian-syndrome) is now closely linked to NAFLD fueled by a toxic trifecta of insulin resistance, hormonal shifts and lifestyle choices, which frequently remains underdiagnosed among young PCOS patients in India. This study henceforth assessed the association between fasting insulin levels and ultrasonographically detected fatty liver in young Indian women with PCOS, alongside metabolic and dietary predictions. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 384 women (aged 18-40) diagnosed with PCOS (Rotterdam criteria). Clinical, biochemical, anthropometric and dietary data were collected. Abdominal ultrasonography was used to detect the grade-level fatty liver. Statistical analysis included chi square tests, t-tests and logistic regression, with p<0.05 considered significant. Results: Fatty liver was present in 62.8% of participants (with PCOS). Elevated fasting insulin (>20 µIU/mL) showed a strong association with fatty liver (p<0.001). Women with fatty liver demonstrated significantly higher HOMA-IR, LH/FSH ratio and serum compared to those without fatty liver (all p<0.001). High-glycemic diet, fasting insulin, BMI >25 kg/m² WHR >0.85 and high CI were identified as significant independent biomarkers of fatty liver as well as visceral/central obesity. Increased ALT:AST ratio, elevated-TG and decreased-SHBG were identified as significant biomarkers of metabolic-hormonal disturbance, termed PMOS. Conclusion: This study highlights a high prevalence of fatty liver and metabolic–hormonal disturbances in PCOS/PMOS, primarily mediated by insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism and unhealthy dietary patterns. The findings underscore the necessity of early metabolic screening and lifestyle interventions to mitigate long-term reproductive and metabolic risks. Key words: PCOS, PCOM, NAFLD, Insulin Resistance, LH/FSH Ratio, Hyperandrogenism, High-Glycemic Diet, Fatty Liver
Objective: To determine the prevalence, pattern and factors associated with substance use among adolescents residing in the slums of Burdwan Municipality, West Bengal. Methods: A community-based, cross-sectional observational study was conducted from October 2020 to September 2022 in slums under Burdwan Municipality, Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal. The WHO Alcohol, smoking and Substance Involvement Screening Test (ASSIST)92 version 3.1 was used to assess the prevalence and pattern of substance use by interviewing 570 study participants aged between 10-19 years chosen by multi stage sampling. Results: The prevalence of overall substance use was found to be 32.98%, substances used include tobacco products (97.9%), alcoholic beverages (43.1%), cannabis (38.8%) and inhalants (7.9%). The study showed that substance use was statistically significantly associated with age, gender, caste, marital status, educational status, occupational status, type of family, socio -economic status, social problems in the family and others family member consuming substance. Conclusion: Substance use among adolescents in Burdwan slums was found to be alarmingly high with tobacco, alcohol, and cannabis being the major contributors. Age, gender, family structure, and household social problems were observed as strong predictors. The findings call for multisectoral interventions involving health systems, schools, and communities to reduce initiation and progression of substance use among vulnerable adolescents.
Introduction Numerous skin changes occur in pregnancy, the majority of which are physiological in nature and linked to the hormonal, metabolic, vascular, or immunologic changes. However, some pruritic eruptions cause anxiety during pregnancy and may affect the maternal and fetal outcome. This study aims to evaluate the prevalence, clinical patterns, and association with gravida and trimester of dermatoses among pregnant women attending an antenatal clinic for routine obstetric care. Methods This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Dermatology, Venereology and Leprosy in collaboration with the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Burdwan Medical College and Hospital, Burdwan, India. A total of 138 pregnant women attending the Outpatient Department of both these specialties, from August 2023 to July 2025, were included. Patients were evaluated by detailed history taking and clinical examination at the time of presentation. Suspected cases of bacterial, fungal, or viral infection were confirmed by laboratory diagnosis. The data were analyzed using SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY). Results Among the 138 pregnant women, physiological skin changes were observed in 136 (98.5 %), with pigmentary changes being more frequent (129, 93.4 %). Specific dermatoses of pregnancy were observed in 34 (24.6 %), with prurigo of pregnancy being the most common (n = 17, 12.31%). Out of 30 (21.7%) women affected by infectious diseases, fungal infection was the most common (n = 20, 14.4%). The primigravida had significantly higher pigmentary changes (p = 0.0265) and striae gravidarum (p = 0.012). Specific dermatoses of pregnancy were significantly higher in the third trimester (p < 0.001). Conclusion Physiological skin changes, which are more common than specific dermatoses during pregnancy, require only reassurance. However, careful observation and examination are necessary as some dermatological conditions are affected by pregnancy.
