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Lung disease remains a leading global health challenge, necessitating accurate and automated diagnostic systems to assist clinicians. In this study, we propose a novel framework for lung disease classification that integrates deep convolutional feature learning with Graph Attention Networks (GATs). As the initial step, rich spatial representations are extracted from chest X-ray images by a CNN backbone. These characteristics are now structured into graph nodes, where anatomical regions or patch-based embeddings are connected as per the spatial and semantic relationships. GAT module learns the significance of neighbouring nodes in an adaptive way with the help of the attention mechanism. This mechanism allows the model to learn local and global dependencies in the lung. This system enhances discriminative capabilities of the features and hence it is useful in identifying complex pathologies. Studies on standard benchmark datasets on the chest X-ray show that the proposed method will significantly outperform state-of-the-art CNN-based and graph convolutional baselines on the grounds of the accuracy, AUC, and F1-score. This shows the effective use of deep features learning and attention-controlled graph modelling to achieve accurate, reliable and better lung disease classification.
This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 1,132 articles indexed in the Scopus database from 1978 to 2023 to examine the evolution of creative marketing strategy research. By employing Biblioshiny (R Studio) and VOSviewer, the research identifies key publication trends, influential authors, co-citation networks, and thematic developments in the field. Unlike prior work, this study is the first of its kind to apply bibliometric methods specifically to creative marketing strategies, filling a notable gap in the literature. Significant findings reveal a marked shift from traditional promotional approaches toward more innovation-driven, customer-centric, and digitally integrated marketing practices. The study highlights emerging research clusters, such as experiential marketing, digital creativity, and sustainability-driven strategies, offering a conceptual map of these shifting trends. These findings not only enhance theoretical understanding but also provide actionable insights for practitioners and researchers. Future research directions are suggested based on identified gaps, especially in the context of evolving workplace dynamics and the modern digital economy.
This review aims to provide insights into the various characteristics of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata). Specifically, the review focuses primarily on its role in managing chronic disease and the potential mechanisms responsible for these health benefits. The studies have highlighted the multifaceted functional properties of psyllium husk, including its high water-holding capacity, gel-forming ability, and viscosity, which contribute to its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal health. The consumption of psyllium husk may improve glycemic control, reduce cholesterol, and enhance bowel function. The various mechanisms responsible for health benefits include the binding of bile acids, modulation of the gut microbiome, enhanced satiety, and delayed gastric emptying. Psyllium consumption promotes the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp., thereby increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, several adverse effects were observed, including bloating, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal obstruction (resulting from inadequate water consumption). Psyllium husk can be used as an adjunct therapy in managing body weight, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, and gut health. It is generally considered safe; careful consideration of dosage and hydration is necessary to minimize adverse effects. Further research is required to optimize dosage and investigate the long-term effects on metabolic health.
Digital twin (DT) technology enables the integration of virtual models with real communication environments for analysis, optimization, and performance prediction. This work investigates the bit-error-rate (BER) performance of conventional wireless optical communication systems (WOCS) and DT-assisted WOCS under frequency-dependent atmospheric turbulence modeled using the Gamma–Gamma distribution. Three turbulence regimes—weak, moderate, and strong—are considered to evaluate system robustness. A simulation-based framework is developed to analyze the impact of turbulence-induced fading and adaptive mitigation strategies. Numerical results indicate that the DT-assisted model maintains improved BER performance across the evaluated frequency range by reducing the effective fading impact through adaptive control. The study highlights the potential of simulation-driven digital twins for enhancing reliability and performance in turbulence-affected optical wireless links.
The current investigation aims to evaluate the stratum corneum lipid liposomal (SCLL) system for the topical delivery that modifies drug penetration in the skin. The prime object was to target 5-reductase inhibitors to the PSU and finally deliver the drug more specifically to the hair follicle and to treat androgenetic alopecia. SCLL were prepared from extracted lipid of porcine by thin lipid film hydration method and characterized with regard to the size, drug entrapment efficiency and in vitro permeation studies. Skin lipid liposomes provided the highest drug deposition within the deeper skin layers, i.e., in the epidermis and dermis. SCLL of finasteride had a significantly higher effect form in all tested parameters, (representing the anti-androgenic mechanism) giving significantly more hairs length and significantly longer hair shafts than conventional finasteride dosage form. The percentage drug release was found to be greater than conventional form after 24 hours. Both total anagen hair counts and anagen to telogen ratio is achieved with the treatment of finasteride. The stratum corneum lipids being the same composition that of skin lipids increases the drug deposition at the upper dorsal portion and increases the concentration of the drug ultimately at the hair follicle. The in vitro permeation studies, demonstrated the potentials of SCLL liposomes for successful delivery of finasteride to the PSU.
