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Lung disease remains a leading global health challenge, necessitating accurate and automated diagnostic systems to assist clinicians. In this study, we propose a novel framework for lung disease classification that integrates deep convolutional feature learning with Graph Attention Networks (GATs). As the initial step, rich spatial representations are extracted from chest X-ray images by a CNN backbone. These characteristics are now structured into graph nodes, where anatomical regions or patch-based embeddings are connected as per the spatial and semantic relationships. GAT module learns the significance of neighbouring nodes in an adaptive way with the help of the attention mechanism. This mechanism allows the model to learn local and global dependencies in the lung. This system enhances discriminative capabilities of the features and hence it is useful in identifying complex pathologies. Studies on standard benchmark datasets on the chest X-ray show that the proposed method will significantly outperform state-of-the-art CNN-based and graph convolutional baselines on the grounds of the accuracy, AUC, and F1-score. This shows the effective use of deep features learning and attention-controlled graph modelling to achieve accurate, reliable and better lung disease classification.
This study conducts a comprehensive bibliometric analysis of 1,132 articles indexed in the Scopus database from 1978 to 2023 to examine the evolution of creative marketing strategy research. By employing Biblioshiny (R Studio) and VOSviewer, the research identifies key publication trends, influential authors, co-citation networks, and thematic developments in the field. Unlike prior work, this study is the first of its kind to apply bibliometric methods specifically to creative marketing strategies, filling a notable gap in the literature. Significant findings reveal a marked shift from traditional promotional approaches toward more innovation-driven, customer-centric, and digitally integrated marketing practices. The study highlights emerging research clusters, such as experiential marketing, digital creativity, and sustainability-driven strategies, offering a conceptual map of these shifting trends. These findings not only enhance theoretical understanding but also provide actionable insights for practitioners and researchers. Future research directions are suggested based on identified gaps, especially in the context of evolving workplace dynamics and the modern digital economy.
This review aims to provide insights into the various characteristics of psyllium husk (Plantago ovata). Specifically, the review focuses primarily on its role in managing chronic disease and the potential mechanisms responsible for these health benefits. The studies have highlighted the multifaceted functional properties of psyllium husk, including its high water-holding capacity, gel-forming ability, and viscosity, which contribute to its efficacy in promoting gastrointestinal health. The consumption of psyllium husk may improve glycemic control, reduce cholesterol, and enhance bowel function. The various mechanisms responsible for health benefits include the binding of bile acids, modulation of the gut microbiome, enhanced satiety, and delayed gastric emptying. Psyllium consumption promotes the abundance of Bifidobacterium and Lactobacillus spp., thereby increasing the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs). However, several adverse effects were observed, including bloating, allergic reactions, and gastrointestinal obstruction (resulting from inadequate water consumption). Psyllium husk can be used as an adjunct therapy in managing body weight, hypercholesterolemia, type 2 diabetes, and gut health. It is generally considered safe; careful consideration of dosage and hydration is necessary to minimize adverse effects. Further research is required to optimize dosage and investigate the long-term effects on metabolic health.
Magnesium oxide (MgO) nanoparticles were synthesized by a chemical precipitation method using different precursor ratios (NaOH:Mg & sup2;(+) = 1:1, 1:2, 1:3), followed by controlled calcination at 400 degrees C. The effect of precursor concentration and thermal treatment on phase formation, crystallinity, morphology, and optical behaviour was systematically investigated. XRD confirmed that the as-precipitated powders crystallised as brucite-type Mg(OH)(2), while calcination produced single-phase cubic MgO with increased crystallite size (from similar to 8-11 nm to similar to 12-16 nm). FTIR analysis revealed the disappearance of hydroxyl and nitrate bands after heating, validating dihydroxylation and oxide formation. SEM images showed a clear transformation from loosely stacked lamellar hydroxide platelets in unheated samples to compact granular MgO grains after calcination, with the 1:2 ratio showing relatively more uniform and well-defined morphology under the present conditions. UV-Vis spectroscopy demonstrated band gap narrowing upon heating, attributed to particle growth and defect reorganisation. This work highlights the combined influence of precursor ratio and calcination as key factors in tailoring MgO nanostructures. The findings contribute to a clearer understanding of how precursor ratio and calcination conditions influence crystallinity, optical band gap, and functional properties of MgO nanoparticles. This work provides a systematic evaluation within a conventional precipitation-calcination framework. The results demonstrate the practical relevance of controlled parameter optimization for improving material performance and highlight the potential of MgO nanoparticles as cost-effective and eco-friendly materials for environmental remediation, particularly in the photocatalytic degradation of toxic dyes.
Objective: The present work was aimed at designing and optimizing a prolonged-release matrix tablet of Imeglimin hydrochloride (500 mg) employing binary polymer combinations of hydroxypropyl methylcellulose (HPMC) K100M and Carbopol 940P as rate-controlling polymers for sustained antihyperglycemic action over 12 hours, with a target total tablet weight of 650 mg.Methods: Nine formulations (F1-F9) were developed via wet granulation using varying proportions of HPMC K100M and Carbopol 940P. Preformulation studies including Fourier-transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy were conducted to evaluate drug-excipient compatibility. Micromeritic properties of granules and physicomechanical characteristics of compressed tablets were assessed. In vitro drug release was performed in pH 6.8 phosphate buffer using a USP Type II dissolution apparatus at 37 ± 0.5 °C and 50 rpm with sinkers. Dissolution kinetics were analyzed by zero-order, first-order, Higuchi, Korsmeyer-Peppas, and Hixson-Crowell models. Accelerated stability studies were conducted as per ICH Q1A(R2) guidelines.Results: Compatibility studies confirmed the absence of physicochemical interactions between Imeglimin hydrochloride and the selected excipients. Among all developed batches, formulation F5, containing 6.2% w/w HPMC K100M and 1.5% w/w Carbopol 940P, exhibited the most desirable dissolution profile, releasing 76.5 ± 0.9% of the drug over a 12-hour period. The release followed near-zero-order kinetics (R² = 0.982) with an anomalous (non-Fickian) transport mechanism (release exponent, n = 0.56; R² = 0.990). All formulations complied with pharmacopeial limits for weight variation, hardness, friability, and content uniformity. Accelerated stability testing (40 ± 2 °C / 75 ± 5% RH, 90 days) demonstrated no significant change in drug content or release behaviour; the similarity factor (f₂) remained above 80.Conclusion: The optimized prolonged-release matrix tablet successfully sustained Imeglimin hydrochloride release over 12 hours and displayed excellent physicochemical stability, presenting a viable platform for twice-daily oral administration in the management of type 2 diabetes mellitus.
