In a global cohort of nearly 6,000 patients with suspected primary immunodeficiency, the Jeffrey Modell Foundation’s “Jeffrey’s Insights” next-generation sequencing (NGS) program demonstrates that, for trained clinical immunologists, NGS yields significant diagnostic and clinical value, improving patient care and outcomes.
The commercial adoption of lithium-sulfur (Li-S) batteries is primarily limited by the shuttle effect and slow kinetics of the sulfur reduction reaction (SRR), which involves a complex 16-electron conversion process. Single-atom catalysts (SACs) show great potential as electrocatalysts to improve reaction kinetics in Li-S batteries. Using first-principles methods, we conducted computational screening of a series of transition metal (TM) atoms doped into two-dimensional (2D) GaN to enhance the SRR activity. Our results indicate that the important SRR step which involves liquid-solid transformation of Li2S4 into Li2S is correlated linearly with the SRR overpotential via 2.7 Delta G Li2S* - Delta G Li2S4 * . Based on the volcano plot, two catalysts, namely Pd@GaN and Cu@GaN, are identified as the most effective electrocatalysts, with an overpotential of 0.43 V. These doped atoms remain stable on the 2D GaN even at high temperatures. In addition, both Pd@GaN and Cu@GaN exhibit strong binding energies for high order Li2S n (n = 4, 6, 8), ranging from -1.81 to -2.99 eV, effectively mitigating the shuttle effect. This study offers theoretical insights into the SRR mechanism on TM-doped 2D GaN and guides the rational design of single-atom catalysts (SACs) for Li-S batteries.
ObjectiveWe aimed to assess the impact of time to endovascular thrombectomy (EVT) on clinical outcomes in the DAWN trial, while also exploring the potential effect modification of mode of stroke onset on this relationship.MethodsThe association between every 1‐h treatment delay with 90‐day functional independence (modified Rankin Scale [mRS] score 0–2), symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage, and 90‐day mortality was explored in the overall population and in three modes of onset subgroups (wake‐up vs. witnessed vs. unwitnessed).ResultsOut of the 205 patients, 98 (47.8%) and 107 (52.2%) presented in the 6 to 12 hours and 12 to 24 hours time window, respectively. Considering all three modes of onset together, there was no statistically significant association between time last seen well to randomization with either functional independence or mortality at 90 days in either the endovascular thrombectomy (mRS 0–2 1‐hour delay OR 1.07; 95% CI 0.93–1.24; mRS 6 OR 0.84; 95% CI 0.65–1.03) or medical management (mRS 0–2 1‐hour delay OR 0.98; 95% CI 0.80–1.14; mRS 6 1‐hour delay OR 0.94; 95% CI 0.79–1.09) groups. Moreover, there was no significant interaction between treatment effect and time (p = 0.439 and p = 0.421 for mRS 0–2 and 6, respectively). However, within the thrombectomy group, the models that tested the association between time last seen well to successful reperfusion (modified Treatment in Cerebral Infarction ≥2b) and 90‐day functional independence showed a significant interaction with mode of presentation (p = 0.013). This appeared to be driven by a nominally positive slope for both witnessed and unwitnessed strokes versus a significantly (p = 0.018) negative slope in wake‐up patients. There was no association between treatment times and symptomatic intracranial hemorrhage.InterpretationMode of onset modifies the effect of time to reperfusion on thrombectomy outcomes, and should be considered when exploring different treatment paradigms in the extended window. ANN NEUROL 2024;96:356–364
