Rapid remote radiation monitoring is important for identifying contaminated regions while reducing personnel exposure. This study developed an unmanned aerial radiation monitoring system (UARMS) equipped with a coded-aperture gamma camera and evaluated a staged workflow integrating flight-based spatial screening with hovering-based gamma-ray imaging. A controlled outdoor experiment was conducted using 60Co and 137Cs point sources. The flight-based survey identified two candidate source-related regions, and the corresponding region-of-interest spectra showed photopeaks of the two sources. The UARMS and ground-based backpack surveys showed broadly corresponding spatial patterns, although their relative intensities and spatial extents differed. During hovering measurements, gamma-ray images corresponding to the two source directions were reconstructed, and ambient dose equivalent rates were estimated. A comparison of altitude-only, image-derived, and UAV-GNSS-referenced distance corrections showed that the horizontal source offset affected the estimates but did not consistently improve agreement with the theoretical source-only values for both sources. These results demonstrate the field feasibility of sequentially performing spatial screening, radionuclide identification, hotspot localization, and ambient dose equivalent rate estimation using a single coded-aperture gamma camera under controlled point-source conditions.
This study examined hook-size effects on catch characteristics, maturity composition, selectivity, and management performance in red tilefish (Branchiostegus japonicus) longline fisheries off Jeju Island, Korea. Four surveys tested Hook Nos. 11, 13, 14, 15, and 17. Selectivity was estimated using the Share Each Length's Catch Total (SELECT) framework. A scenario-based policy-utility analysis integrated biomass catch per unit effort (CPUE), immature fish proportion, and bycatch ratio. Hook No. 17 was excluded from the main analyses because it caught only one red tilefish. Mean total length differed among Hook Nos. 11, 13, 14, and 15 (one-way analysis of variance, F(3, 208) = 7.545, p < 0.001). In binary logistic regression, Hook No. 14 had higher odds of capturing reproductively mature fish than Hook No. 11 (odds ratio [OR] = 3.97, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.44-10.90, p = 0.0075), whereas Hook No. 15 did not differ significantly (OR = 2.82, 95% CI: 0.80-9.91, p = 0.106). The logistic SELECT model with hook-specific relative fishing power had the lowest Akaike's information criterion. Estimated lengths at 50% selectivity (L-50) ranged from 19.45 to 26.53 cm for Hook Nos. 11-15. Hook No. 11 had the highest productivity-oriented utility, whereas Hook No. 14 had the highest balanced and conservation-oriented point estimates. Survey-level bootstrap selection probabilities for Hook No. 14 were 60.0 and 63.3% under the latter scenarios, respectively. Hook No. 14 showed the most favorable conservation-productivity trade-off; however, broader validation is required before considering minimum hook-size regulation.
Excessive melanin accumulation causes hyperpigmentation, a skin pathophysiology that highlights the need for safe and multifunctional skin-whitening agents. Building on the reported tyrosinase inhibitory potential of phenylthiazole derivatives, a series of compounds was designed and synthesized to investigate the structural determinants of their multi-functional activities. The biological evaluation included mushroom tyrosinase (mTYR) inhibition, as well as anti-melanogenic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant assays. Among the series, compound 3c exhibited the most potent multi-functional profile, showing mTYR inhibition (IC50 = 30.8 ± 2.7 µM) with a mixed-type inhibitory mechanism (Ki = 20 µM), a 34
Sufficient efforts have been carried out to fabricate highly efficient graphene oxide (GO) lamellar membranes for heavy metal ion separation and desalination of water. However, selectivity for small ions remains a major problem. Herein, GO was modified by using onion extractive (OE) and a bioactive phenolic compound, i.e., quercetin. The as-prepared modified materials were fabricated into membranes and used for separation of heavy metal ions and water desalination. The GO/onion extract (GO/OE) composite membrane with a thickness of 350 nm shows an excellent rejection efficiency for several heavy metal ions such as Cr6+ (∼87.5%), As3+ (∼89.5%), Cd2+ (∼93.0%), and Pb2+ (∼99.5%) and a good water permeance of ∼460 ± 20 L m-2 h-1 bar-1. In addition, a GO/quercetin (GO/Q) composite membrane is also fabricated from quercetin for comparative studies. Quercetin is an active ingredient of onion extractives (2.1% w/w). The GO/Q composite membranes show good rejection up to ∼78.0, ∼80.5, ∼88.0, and 95.2% for Cr6+, As3+, Cd2+, and Pb2+, respectively, with a DI water permeance of ∼150 ± 10 L m-2 h-1 bar-1. Further, both membranes are used for water desalination by measuring rejection of small ions such as NaCl, Na2SO4, MgCl2, and MgSO4. The resulting membranes show >70% rejection for small ions. In addition, both membranes are used for filtration of Indus River water and the GO/Q membrane shows remarkably high separation efficiency and makes river water suitable for drinking purpose. Furthermore, the GO/QE composite membrane is highly stable up to ∼25 days under acidic, basic, and neutral environments as compared to GO/Q composite and pristine GO-based membranes.
