In this study, based on the synergistic strategy of sustained release reduction and in-situ surface nanostructuring, oxidation-resistant and rapid sintering of submicron copper (Cu) paste in an air atmosphere was achieved. First, the critical temperature points at which Cu undergoes severe oxidation were identified. Based on this, the reductant system, composed of ascorbic acid and polyethylene glycol (PEG30 0), was specially designed to match the oxidation threshold of Cu. Notably, due to the sustained release effect of the reductant system, reduction activity was sustained throughout the entire sintering process. During sintering, both CuO and Cu2O were ultimately reduced to ultrafine Cu nanoparticles. Simultaneously, in-situ surface nanostructuring occurred on submicron Cu particles, enabling oxidation-resistant and rapid sintering in air. At a sintering temperature of 250 degrees C for 5 min, the resulting joints exhibited a shear strength of 38.1 MPa, meeting the requirements for power device packaging. This work provides a novel strategy for oxidation-resistant Cu sintering and its industrial application. (c) 2026 Published by Elsevier Ltd on behalf of The editorial office of Journal of Materials Science & ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ )
With the rapid growth of industrial big data, modern processes are increasingly characterized by strong dynamics, nonlinear behaviors, and non-Gaussian stochastic disturbances, which pose significant challenges for reliable fault detection. In this paper, a hybrid variational Bayesian state space model is developed for dynamic process monitoring. Since standard variational Bayesian inference suffers from biased posteriors under nonlinear and non-Gaussian conditions, a Metropolis-Hastings within Gibbs strategy is incorporated to improve posterior accuracy. Meanwhile, a hybrid parameter update mechanism is employed, where conjugate terms are updated via efficient closed-form Bayesian rules, and non-conjugate parameters are refined through sampling-based optimization. Therefore, the next state can be better predicted even in the presence of noisy disturbances, hidden correlations among multiple variables can be revealed, and residual-based control limits can be reliably obtained through variational lower-bound optimization. Finally, the effectiveness and superiority of the proposed method are verified through benchmark simulation model no.1, real wastewater treatment process and a multiphase flow process.
After harvesting, fruits and vegetables (F&Vs) suffer over 30% losses during transportation and distribution due to vigorous internal metabolism and external microbial invasion. Traditional packaging and preservation technologies are limited by high energy consumption, heavy pollution, and single functionality. Metal-organic frameworks (MOFs), with ultra-high specific surface area, adjustable structure, and diverse functions, have become a core direction for novel collaborative preservation and show great potential as carriers for next-generation preservation technologies for F&Vs. This review first analyzed the research overview of MOF-based collaborative preservation via bibliometric analysis, then briefly outlined MOF classification, design principles, synthesis methods, and parameter control. It elaborates on preservation mechanisms in terms of gas environment regulation, antibacterial activity, environmental stress protection, active substance loading and stabilization, intelligent quality detection and response, and synergy with other technologies. Furthermore, it highlighted the application progress in gas regulation, microbial control, preservation packaging optimization, and multifunctional packaging integrating quality monitoring and preservation. Despite advantages of multi-mechanism collaboration, green sustainability, and artificial intelligence adaptability, MOF-based preservation faces challenges including toxicity verification, scaling costs, and lack of standards. In this regard, this review innovatively proposes strategic pathways toward green synthesis, AI-driven material design, and industrial translation. This work offers a foundational reference for advancing MOF-integrated postharvest F&V preservation from laboratory innovation to commercial deployment, contributing to global food security and sustainability objectives.
Diabetic nephropathy (DN), a major microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus (DM) and a leading cause of end-stage renal disease, remains difficult to diagnose early because of its insidious onset and lack of reliable early biomarkers. To address this issue, we developed HDS-H2S, a NIR hemicyanine-based mitochondrial fluorescent sensor for selective H2S detection via an analyte-activated response. HDS-H2S exhibited high selectivity over biologically relevant interferents, good chemical stability, and low cytotoxicity. Owing to its NIR emission and reliable intracellular imaging performance, HDS-H2S was applied to monitor real-time H2S changes in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced DN mice, clearly distinguishing healthy, diabetic, and drug-treated groups. This work provides an effective molecular imaging tool for studying redox-related signaling in diabetic complications and offers a design reference for probes targeting oxidative-stress-associated diseases.
This study reveals that the time-dependent hardening of dough is mainly driven by the cleavage and reformation of disulfide bonds. Tensile tests showed that dough treated with sodium metabisulfite (SMBS) had higher initial extensibility but hardened more severely over time compared to L-cysteine hydrochloride (L-CH). Concomitant with dough hardening over time, the decline in free thiols and two-stage oxidation kinetics confirmed disulfide reformation. Raman spectroscopy indicated the formation of more stable disulfide configuration (gauche-gauche-gauche) in glutenin. Polymerization of proteins larger than 80 kDa was promoted, and extractability of high-molecular-weight (HMW) and B/C-low-molecular-weight (LMW) glutenin subunits (GS) was reduced. Disulfide cleavage reduced glutenin alpha-helix, while reformation increased beta-sheet/alpha-helix in L-CH but decreased beta-sheet in SMBS systems. Fluorescence intensity decreased in glutenin. Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) identified HMW-GS PW212 (Cys46, Cys31), Dx5 (Cys118), Dy10 (Cys636) and LMW-GS 1D1 (Cys25) as key participants in disulfide dynamics, revealing an irreversible reformation process that preferentially establishes new intermolecular rather than original intrachain bonds.
