Highly efficient, low-frequency (<2 Hz) high-impedance generators convert ambient mechanical energy to electrical energy; however, their high internal impedance causes most of the voltage to drop internally, limiting energy delivery to low-impedance loads. Herein, we propose a theoretical framework for a novel single-input, multi-output (SIMO) switched-capacitor circuit designed to overcome this impedance mismatch and achieve a high output energy at low impedance. When integrated with an alternating-current dielectric generator (AC-DEG), the system attains an ultra-low optimal matching impedance of 280 Omega, delivering an energy output of 3.37 mJ (1685 mJ/m(2)) per cycle and a short-circuit charge output of 1.21 mC (605 mC/m(2)) per cycle. Through reconfiguring output paths, the energy transfer efficiency can exceed 50%-far outperforming other energy management strategies. We demonstrate that this energy management strategy enables practical applications in powering low-impedance electronic devices such as motors and batteries, paving the way for advanced self-powered systems.
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) remains a therapeutic challenge due to its aggressive behavior and lack of targeted treatments. We developed Sor@AKAExo, a bioinspired exosomic nanoplatform that utilizes Anoectochilus roxburghii-derived exosomes both as a nanotherapeutic delivering endogenous miRNAs and as a carrier for incorporating and delivering ferroptosis inducer sorafenib. Functionalization with the AS1411 aptamer enables tumor targeting, while conjugation with the KLA peptide facilitates mitochondrial localization, achieving spatiotemporal codelivery of both miRNAs and sorafenib. Accordingly, Sor@AKAExo synergistically induces ferroptosis and apoptosis through sorafenib-induced GPX4 suppression, lipid peroxidation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and caspase-3 activation. These effects are further enhanced by exosomal miRNA-mediated downregulation of the MAPK pathway and upregulation of the IL-17 and cholesterol metabolism pathways. This dual death-initiating mechanism disrupts the redox homeostasis, overcomes metabolic resistance, and remodels the immunosuppressive tumor microenvironment. In vivo, Sor@AKAExo exhibits potent antitumor efficacy with excellent biosafety. This work presents a bioinspired plant-derived exosome-based immunotherapy that synergistically activates both ferroptosis and apoptosis circuits with precise spatiotemporal control, addressing the obstacles of absent active targeting, limited drug delivery efficacy, and adaptive drug resistance in TNBC treatment.
[Objective]Oil content is a key indicator determining the quality and economic value of oil crops.Tea plant(Camellia sinensis(L.)O.Kuntze),as an economically significant plant,holds potential application value in oil resource development through its fruit,tea seeds.The glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene(GPDH)is a crucial regulatory gene in plant oil biosynthesis.Cloning CsGPDH and conducting an in-depth analysis of its expression characteristics and function aims to provide a theoretical basis for elucidating the molecular mechanism by which CsGPDH regulates oil synthesis in tea plants.[Method]Using'Jincha No.18'as plant material,the full-length sequence of CsGPDH was cloned.Bioinformatics tools were employed to analyze the structural characteristics and evolutionary relationships of its encoded amino acid sequence.Real-time quantitative PCR(qRT-PCR)was used to detect the expression pattern of CsGPDH in different tea plant tissues and during key stages of oil synthesis.Subcellular localization of the encoded protein was observed using laser scanning confocal microscopy.Agrobacterium-mediated genetic transformation was utilized to generate CsGPDH-overexpressing Arabidopsis thaliana plants.Phenotypic analysis was performed on transgenic and wild-type Arabidopsis plants,measuring indicators such as seed oil content and fatty acid composition.[Result]CsGPDH was successfully cloned,with a coding sequence(CDS)length of 1 128 bp.The protein encoded by CsGPDH possesses a typical glycerol-3-phosphate dehydrogenase domain and exhibits high sequence similarity with homologous proteins from other species.Subcellular localization revealed that the CsGPDH protein is localized to the plasma membrane and cytoplasm.qRT-PCR analysis showed that CsGPDH expression significantly increased during the middle and late stages of seed development,highly coinciding with the period of rapid oil accumulation.Functional validation in transgenic Arabidopsis demonstrated that overexpression of CsGPDH increased seed oil content by 20.6%-25.2%and significantly elevated the proportion of unsaturated fatty acids(C18:1,C18:2).[Conclusion]CsGPDH expression is regulated by the seed developmental process,showing high expression during the critical phase of oil synthesis.Overexpression of CsGPDH can significantly enhance seed oil content in plants and plays an important positive regulatory role in the plant oil biosynthesis metabolic pathway.
ABSTRACT Managed bees are widely recognized as beneficial for agricultural production. However, their impacts vary across plant varieties, and the underlying mechanisms for this variation remain poorly understood. In the present study, the effects of bee pollination were investigated in nine Brassica napus varieties were investigated for flowering duration, fruiting duration, agronomic traits, fruit yield, and seed quality. These effects were then compared with those of non-bee pollination treatments. Bee pollination shortened the flowering duration by an average of 7.3 days and extended the fruiting duration by 2.3 days for all varieties. It also induced changes in agronomic traits in a subset of varieties, including reduced plant height and fewer primary and secondary branches. Correlation analysis indicated that a shortened flowering duration was conducive to enhancing both yield and quality. Increased fruiting duration and the total flowering and fruiting duration contributed to increased grain size-related parameters, including 1000-seed weight and number of seeds per silique. Reduced plant height increased yield by increasing the number of siliques (despite a concurrent decrease in 1000-seed weight), whereas significant reductions in branch number led to lower oleic acid and higher erucic acid content. These findings suggest that bee pollination may substantially improve fruit yield and seed quality, potentially by affecting plant nutrient allocation strategies. Notably, the contribution of a shortened flowering duration appears to be more universally applicable. For practical applications, pollination should be implemented before flowering, and varieties exhibiting favorable agronomic trait changes after bee pollination should be prioritized for promotion and cultivation.
