ABSTRACT Electric‐field‐assisted spin coating is introduced as a vectorial wet‐film processing strategy for influencing methylammonium lead iodide () crystallization during hydrodynamic thinning and solvent evaporation. films were deposited onto grounded substrates under perpendicular electric fields of 0–8 kV . The field was applied during a 25 s spin‐coating/antisolvent interval and removed before annealing. X‐ray diffraction (XRD) identified tetragonal as the dominant phase and field‐dependent changes in texture, peak displacement, microstrain, and coherent domain size were observed. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) showed grain coarsening, as the mean grain diameter increased from 128.8 nm for the 0 kV condition to 303.9 nm at 2 kV . The largest ‐family texture enhancement and low‐angle peak displacement occurred at 6 kV , while coherent‐domain size increased monotonically across the field‐assisted series, reaching 190.5 nm at 8 kV . A 2 kV specimen exhibited pronounced out‐of‐plane texture, showing that the deposition platform can access a strong texture‐selection pathway. These results show that an electric field applied during spin casting acts as a charge‐selective perturbation involving a vector force, and decouples grain growth, orientation, lattice displacement, and crystallographic coherence during film formation.
ABSTRACT Biohybrid robots combine engineered living tissues with synthetic materials and have emerged as a promising class of soft robotic systems capable of mimicking biological functions such as biodegradability, energy efficiency and flexible motions. By integrating biological and synthetic components, these systems leverage complementary properties to perform key robotic functions including locomotion and task execution. Despite rapid progress, important limitations remain, many of which arise from the biological components themselves, including limited longevity, adaptive behavior and challenges in control. In this review, we propose organoids as advanced biological building blocks for biohybrid robotics and examine their potential based on recent advances in organoid engineering, maturation and functional development. We summarize recent advances in organoid engineering relevant to robotic integration and discuss strategies for interfacing organoids with electronic and control systems. We also discuss key technical and conceptual challenges, including signal interfacing, long‐term viability, reproducibility and how these aspects of organoid research can benefit biohybrid systems. By integrating advances in stem cell biology, materials science and robotics, this review article examines how organoids could extend beyond their established roles as in vitro models and potentially contribute to a new generation of adaptive, resilient and biologically integrated machines.
ABSTRACT Vision‐based tactile sensors are promising for robotic perception but suffer from poor durability and limited sensitivity to fine textures and slip. To overcome these limitations, we propose a bioinspired hard‐soft hybrid tactile skin that combines rigid polydimethylsiloxane (PDMS)/SiO 2 microcolumns with a compliant PDMS film to simultaneously improve durability and tactile perception. The rigid microcolumns serve as a wear‐resistant contact interface while enhancing surface‐induced tactile vibrations, whereas the compliant film ensures efficient transmission of contact forces. Material wear tests show the composite achieves a 76.5% reduction in wear depth, with post‐wear roughness only 3.8% of pure PDMS. The sensor maintains stable sensing performance after 210,000 loading cycles, with only 4.0% signal drift during the final 10,000 cycles, representing more than an order‐of‐magnitude improvement in lifetime compared with previously reported vision‐based tactile sensors. Furthermore, the microcolumn‐structured sensor enables high‐sensitivity slip detection by exploiting a transient peak at slip initiation and facilitates accurate recognition of texture periodicity and orientation via frequency‐domain analysis. This work presents a bioinspired hard‐soft hybrid design strategy for developing durable vision‐based tactile sensors with physically interpretable multimodal perception for long‐term robotic interaction.
