K.S. Hegde Medical Academy (KSHEMA) is a medical college in Deralakatte, near the city of Mangalore. It is managed by the Nitte Education Trust, which runs a number of professional colleges in the state of Karnataka. The college offers the MBBS course along with post-graduation courses. The Academy was affiliated to RGUHS (Rajiv Gandhi University of Health Sciences) till 2009. Now it is affiliated to NITTE (Deemed to be) University.S..
Objectives: This study investigated the antioxidant activity of three fungal endophyte extracts derived from the stem bark of Oroxylum indicum. Material and Methods: The fungal endophytes were isolated using PDA media, and their phytochemical screening revealed the presence of alkaloids, phenolics, flavonoids, and tannins. Results: Among the three fungal species-Simplicillium (S), Neopestalotiopsis (N), and Trametes (T), Neopestalotiopsis exhibited the highest antioxidant activity. This is the first report of these three endophytes being found in the stem bark of O. indicum. The methanolic extract of Neopestalotiopsis demonstrated strong antioxidant activity, with 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical and superoxide anion radical scavenging percentages of 30.35 +/- 0.69 and 35.12 +/- 0.32, respectively, at a concentration of 100 mu g/mL. Furthermore, the extract showed significant total antioxidant activity, measuring 30.05 +/- 0.78 Ascorbic Acid Equivalents. Neopestalotiopsis also had the highest total phenolic content (38.13 +/- 0.52 gallic acid equivalents), and total flavonoid content (31.54 +/- 0.17 quercetin equivalents) compared to the other two fungal isolates. Based on these results, the fungal endophyte, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora from O. indicum has the potential for development as an antioxidant agent. Conclusion: Based on these results, the fungal endophyte, Neopestalotiopsis clavispora from O. indicum has the potential for development as an antioxidant agent.
Objectives: The objective of this study is to investigate maternal factors and obstetric outcomes associated with intrauterine fetal demise (IUFD) at a tertiary care center in Mangaluru, India, with the aim of identifying key determinants to improve antenatal care and reduce the incidence of stillbirths. Material and Methods: A retrospective observational study was carried out in the Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology at K.S. Hegde Medical Academy over a six-year period (2019-2024). The analysis included 66 cases of IUFD/stillbirths occurring beyond 24 weeks of gestation. Cases were categorized using the Re. Co. De. classification system. The study examined maternal, fetal, placental, and socioeconomic factors. Ethical approval was obtained, and all patient data were anonymized to maintain confidentiality. Results: Among 12,205 total deliveries during the study period, the IUFD/stillbirth rate stood at 5.41%. Notable maternal risk factors included advanced maternal age (30-34 years), nulliparity (42%), and irregular antenatal care attendance (38%). A significant proportion of affected cases belonged to lower socioeconomic strata. Maternal medical conditions contributing to IUFD included gestational diabetes mellitus (15.15%), hypertensive disorders of pregnancy (9.09%), and anemia. Fetal causes such as congenital anomalies and intrapartum asphyxia were observed, along with placental pathologies like chronic uteroplacental insufficiency. When classified using the Re. Co. De. system, 39.39% of IUFD cases were linked to maternal conditions, while Conclusion: IUFD emerges as a complex, multifactorial issue shaped by maternal health, fetal conditions, and placental pathology. This study underscores the critical role of consistent antenatal care and the timely management of high-risk pregnancies. Socioeconomic disparities remain a key concern, emphasizing the need for targeted public health interventions, including preconceptional counselling and comprehensive prenatal support. Understanding these interconnected factors can guide actionable steps to reduce the stillbirth burden and improve overall pregnancy outcomes.
Wrist arthroscopy has been an evolving field in recent times and is widely used for the management of various wrist pathologies. The technique has a steep learning curve and requires specialized training. The present study determines the role cadaveric workshops play in helping surgeons acquire the skills of wrist arthroscopy and incorporate the technique into their surgical practice. Three wrist arthroscopy cadaveric courses were conducted each year between 2017 and 2019. Each course included 25 participants, for a total of 75 participants. We analyzed the data acquired from questionnaires filled by 54 surgeons who attended the full two-day wrist arthroscopy cadaveric course and had a minimum of two years of practice in India after the workshop. Out of 54, 38 participants had no exposure to wrist arthroscopy before the workshop. Of these, 26 were performing wrist arthroscopy two years after the workshop, and among these, 13 surgeons had done three or fewer cases, while 13 surgeons had done more than three cases in a year following the workshop (p < 0.05). Considering wrist arthroscopic procedures performed two years after the workshop, 42 participants (77.8
