NITTE, officially NITTE (Deemed to be University), is an institute of higher education located in Derlakatte, Mangalore, India. It is formed under the Trust of NIITE, a trust sponsored by Nitte Education Trust which has established 31 institutions spread in three campuses at Nitte, Mangalore and Bangalore.The Government of India conferred the status of Deemed-to-be University in June 2008.The institution has been accredited with 'A' grade by the National Assessment & Accreditation Council (NAAC)..
Multiple sclerosis (MS), neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (NMOSD), and myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein-associated disease (MOGAD) are the major types of demyelinating disorders of the central nervous system (CNS). Demyelinating disorders impact women disproportionately and frequently present during reproductive years. These conditions can cause significant neurological disability and psychosocial challenges, especially for women. Because they often present during reproductive years, clinicians frequently manage contraception, pregnancy, and the postpartum period alongside disease control. Sex-specific evidence, therefore, becomes especially important for treatment decisions. Despite this, sex-specific differences in epidemiology, immunopathology, clinical features, and therapeutic response remain inconsistently addressed in both clinical practice and research. In this review, we synthesize current evidence on the factors underlying the female predominance observed in MS, NMOSD, and MOGAD, and discuss the clinical consequences of these findings. We investigate the influence of sex hormones, X-chromosome–mediated immune regulation, and immunological changes associated with pregnancy and the postpartum period, as well as disease-specific mechanisms. We also examine how these factors affect diagnosis, prognosis, therapeutic decision-making, pregnancy management, and quality of life. Finally, we highlight important gaps in knowledge and underscore the necessity for a sex-informed approach to the diagnosis, management, and research of autoimmune demyelinating diseases.
The review article summarizes the recent advances of nanocarbon-based thermoelectric materials.
Nanomaterials with significant functions in electrochemical applications have drawn a lot of attention from researchers in recent years. Non-enzymatic electrochemical uric acid (UA) sensors have drawn interest because of their affordability and simplicity. This proposed study explains a one-pot synthesis of benzene sulfonic acid (BSA) doped Fe2O3 magnetic nanoparticles infused polyaniline (PANI) nanocomposite as a potential candidate for UA sensing application. The three different BSA doped PANI-Fe2O3-based electrocatalysts are investigated, namely PANI-Fe2O3(1:1), PANI-Fe2O3(1:2), PANI-Fe2O3(1:3), and among them the PANI-Fe2O3(1:2) electrocatalyst demonstrated superior catalytic activity. BSA doped PANI-Fe2O3(1:2) electrocatalyst exhibited excellent sensitivity of 7.1 mu A/(mu M cm2) towards UA and demonstrated its ability for selective detection of UA when various interferents were present (RSD = 6.0 %). It was discovered that the limit of detection (LoD) was 2.9 mu M (3 sigma/S), with a broad linear detection range between 10 mu M and 100 mu M. The designed electrochemical sensor demonstrated good repeatability (RSD = 11.4 %) and reproducibility (RSD = 2.8 %). The sensing performance of BSA doped PANI-Fe2O3(1:2) electrode was examined by determining the concentration of UA in a human serum sample, and it was observed to have recovery rates of 97 %, 102 %, and 101 % for UA concentrations of 30, 50, and 100 mu M.
Background Flavonoid-based natural products have shown promising anti-cancer potential through dual-pathway inhibition. The PI3K/AKT/mTOR signaling pathway is the most frequently altered pathway in ovarian cancer, making it a critical therapeutic target. Methods Extensive computational studies including molecular docking and 200 nanosecond molecular dynamics simulations were conducted to evaluate the binding affinity, interaction stability, and conformational dynamics of the PI3K (5DXT) and mTOR (5GPG) proteins. Following in-silico validation, naringin-coated zinc oxide nanoparticles incorporating Clitoria ternatea flower extract were formulated to enhance bioavailability and therapeutic efficacy. Additionally, cytotoxic evaluation against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines using MTT assay was performed. Results This study investigated the efficacy of major flavonoid components from Clitoria ternatea flowers, specifically quercetin-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3,7-glucoside, as dual PI3K/mTOR inhibitors. Molecular dynamics analysis revealed that quercetin-3-rutinoside and quercetin-3,7-glucoside exhibited stable interactions with critical amino acid residues throughout the simulation period, promising enhanced stability compared with the standard dual inhibitor gedatolisib. Absorption, Distribution, Metabolism, and Excretion (ADME) profiling identified quercetin derivatives as promising lead hits, despite minor violations of Lipinski’s Rule of Five. Cytotoxic evaluation against SKOV3 ovarian cancer cell lines using MTT assay demonstrated the superior performance of naringin-coated nanoparticles (NC1) with an IC₅₀ value of 144 ± 2.43 μg/mL. Conclusion This synergistic approach, combining natural flavonoids with nanotechnology, provides a novel therapeutic strategy for targeting the dysregulated PI3K/mTOR pathway in ovarian cancer. These findings establish Clitoria ternatea flavonoids are superior candidates for the development of enhanced nanoformulations for anti-cancer therapeutics against ovarian cancer.
