This study evaluates the effects of climate change on drought severity in the Kabul River Basin of Afghanistan, which is highly vulnerable due to its arid and semi-arid climate. An integrated approach utilizing remote sensing (RS), Geographic Information Systems (GIS), and multi-criteria decision analysis, Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP), was applied for analyzing environmental datasets, including Land Surface Temperature (LST), precipitation, soil moisture, and Land Use/Land Cover (LULC), along with drought indices such as Normalized Difference Vegetation Index (NDVI), Normalized Difference Water Index (NDWI), Normalized Drought Difference Index (NDDI), Vegetation Condition Index (VCI), and Soil Moisture Index (SMI). Using Mann-Kendall and Sen’s slope test to analyze the trend (1981–2025) indicates a significant rising of temperature (+ 0.024 °C/year) and (1950–2025), with continually low precipitation. The result of the study shows that severe drought has affected the 52
The rise of Digital Media incorporating Artificial Intelligence raises important issues related to public trust; algorithmic transparency; and ethical standards for communication. In this study, a mixed methods approach was used to explore AI transparency disclosure practices and their association with public trust in digital media among a sample of 1,247 adults across six countries. The study utilized a survey instrument developed for this study, as well as qualitative thematic analysis of 614 open-ended responses. Results showed that disclosure of transparency practices accounted for the largest variation in public trust (beta = .38, p < .001). It also revealed moderating effects of digital media literacy and media skepticism on trust. A confirmatory structural equation model with a reasonable fit (CFI = .96, RMSEA = .048) provided validation of the Integrated Ethical AI Communication Framework. The study also indicated that structured transparency mechanisms; formalized oversight of editorial content; and explicit policies holding algorithms accountable to ensure transparency would substantially increase public trust across all demographic subgroups viewed to have access to digital news services. The findings indicate, in particular, that digital newsrooms should pair AI transparency disclosures with active media literacy initiatives, and that regulators should mandate minimum content standards for algorithmic disclosure rather than mere disclosure presence, in order to realise the full trust-building potential of ethical AI communication.
ʿAlī-Shīr Navāʾī , one of the most eminent scholars and statesmen of the fifteenth century, attained a distinguished position within the Timurid State during the reign of Sulṭān Ḥusayn Bayqara and emerged as one of the most influential figures in the administration of the realm. Throughout his political career, he held significant offices such as Keeper of the Seal, Amīr of the Dīvān-i Aʿlā, naʾib of Astarābād, as well as serving as the Sulṭān’s close companion and special adviser. An examination of the historical sources demonstrates that Navāʾī played an influential role in crisis management, the mitigation of political tensions, and the maintenance of order throughout the Timurid dominions. In addition to his political identity, Navāʾī is also recognized as a statesman profoundly devoted to culture. His patronage of the scholars, poets, and artists of the period laid the foundations for scientific and literary flourishing at the Herat court, while his extensive efforts toward the advancement of knowledge, literature, and the arts elevated the cultural prestige of the reign of Sulṭān Ḥusayn Bayqara. Moreover, by employing both personal and state resources, he actively contributed to architecture and urban development and commissioned the construction of numerous public works. In this respect, Navāʾī may be regarded as one of the foremost figures who shaped the cultural and social life of the Timurid era. This article aims to examine analytically Navāʾī’s political position and his functions within the sphere of state administration during the reign of Sulṭān Ḥusayn Bayqara.
This paper explores advanced analytical techniques for solving Burgers' fractional partial differential equations (PDEs). We focus on the application of two innovative methods: the Aboodh transform iteration method (ATIM) and the Aboodh residual power series method (ARPSM). These methods are employed to address the complexities associated with fractional PDEs, specifically using the Caputo operator for fractional derivatives. The study provides a comprehensive analysis of the convergence and accuracy of the proposed methods through various numerical examples. We demonstrate the effectiveness of ATIM and ARPSM in yielding precise and efficient results for Burgers' fractional partial differential equations. The results are validated against known solutions and presented in both tabular and graphical formats to illustrate the robustness of these methods. The work is an important contribution to the research of fractional calculus and nonlinear differential equations, providing useful techniques that can be used by scientists and engineers to resolve complex fractional partial differential equations with significantly better accuracy.
The rapid transition toward low-carbon energy systems and increasing global energy demand have renewed interest in advanced nuclear fission technologies, particularly Generation IV reactors and Small Modular Reactors. This study aims to comparatively evaluate advanced nuclear fuels and structural materials based on their thermal, neutronic, mechanical, chemical, irradiation, and safety performance. An analytical review of scientific and technical literature from academic databases and authoritative nuclear organizations was conducted. The literature was qualitatively synthesized according to fuel type, structural material, reactor concept, coolant, and neutron spectrum. The findings indicate that uranium nitride, uranium silicide, and tri-structural isotropic fuels provide important advantages over conventional uranium dioxide fuel, including higher thermal conductivity, greater fuel density, improved high-temperature performance, and enhanced fission-product retention. Among structural materials, iron-chromium-aluminum alloys, silicon carbide composites, and high-entropy alloys demonstrate promising oxidation resistance, thermal stability, mechanical strength, and irradiation tolerance. However, their performance is strongly dependent on reactor type, neutron spectrum, coolant chemistry, operating temperature, and irradiation conditions. The review further shows that integrating advanced fuels and structural materials with passive safety systems and modular reactor architectures can improve safety, thermal efficiency, sustainability, and economic potential. Major challenges remain in irradiation qualification, corrosion, manufacturing, regulatory approval, economic feasibility, and spent-fuel management. Overall, coordinated development of advanced fuels and structural materials represents a promising pathway toward safer, more efficient, sustainable, and economically viable nuclear energy systems.
