Traffic congestion and the limited capacity of urban transportation systems have increased interest in shared mobility solutions in the Global South. This study investigates the feasibility and user acceptance of ride-pooling in Tehran using a stated preference survey of 461 respondents, generating 7376 person scenarios. The data were analyzed using a combined framework consisting of exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and a mixed binary logit model to examine travelers' choices between the exclusive and shared use of ride-hailing. The model achieved a satisfactory fit with a pseudo R2 of 0.45. The results indicate that users' choices are primarily influenced by tangible service attributes rather than attitudinal factors. Travel cost savings emerged as the strongest driver of adoption, while cancellation penalties and waiting time significantly reduced the likelihood of choosing the shared use of ride-hailing. Furthermore, marginal effect analysis established a “temporal break-even threshold” equivalent to 1.33 min (95% confidence interval (CI): 1.30–1.37), demonstrating that commuters are more sensitive to initial wait times than in-vehicle detours. The empirical results also yield operational benchmarks: to offset a 10,000 Iranian Rial reduction in the cost advantage of shared rides without decreasing choice probability, platforms must proportionally reduce the matching wait time by 1.25 min (95% CI: 1.22–1.28), or the travel time difference by 1.67 min (95% CI: 1.64–1.69). Overall, the findings suggest that economic and operational considerations play a dominant role in shaping the acceptance of this service in Tehran.
This study investigated whether emotion regulation mediates, and marital self-efficacy moderates, the associations between attachment dimensions and loneliness. A quantitative descriptive–correlational design was used and the model was tested with structural equation modeling. The population comprised mothers of single, toddler-aged children in Tehran, Iran, in 1403 (2024/2025); sample size was determined using G*Power. Participants completed the DiTommaso et al. (2004) Loneliness Scale, the Collins and Read (1990) Adult Attachment Scale, the Lopez et al. (2007) Marital Self-Efficacy Scale, and the Gross and John (2003) Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Path analyses showed a significant interaction between marital self-efficacy and secure attachment in predicting loneliness (p = .031), such that at above-mean self-efficacy, the secure attachment–loneliness association was more strongly negative. Significant indirect paths were observed for anxious/ambivalent attachment via marital self-efficacy to cognitive reappraisal (β = −.066, p < .01) and to expressive suppression (β = −.069, p < .01), and via marital self-efficacy to loneliness (β = .135, p < .01), indicating that higher anxious/ambivalent attachment was linked to lower self-efficacy, which in turn related to greater loneliness. Mediation by reappraisal and suppression in the attachment–loneliness relationship was not supported; however, suppression had a significant direct effect on loneliness. Overall, marital self-efficacy and attachment styles play key roles in explaining loneliness, and suppression may function as an interpersonal risk factor. These findings inform counseling and prevention. Interventions that strengthen marital self-efficacy, reduce suppression, and enhance relational security are recommended.
The aim of the present study was to analyze the constitutive constructs of the career story of perfectionist gifted students by applying Savickas's career construction theory (2013) as both a theoretical and methodological framework. This research was conducted using a qualitative phenomenological method. The statistical population consisted of tenth-grade female students in gifted schools of Isfahan city in the academic year 2024–2025. Initially 100 students were selected through convenience sampling and completed Hill's Perfectionism Questionnaire (2004). Subsequently students with a score one standard deviation above the mean were purposively selected (10 participants), and the semi-structured "My Career Story" interview (Savickas, 2015), aligned with the five core components of career story through the lens of career construction theory (role models, interests, favorite stories, life mottos, and early memories), was conducted. Qualitative data were analyzed using the Colaizzi method. Findings from the analysis of the career stories revealed six main themes: Counseling and self-help needs (self-knowledge and independent learning; acceptance and psychological safety), Ideal ego (independence, perseverance, courage, intelligence, justice, moral responsibility, faith, and spirituality), Interests and motivational orientation (personal, academic and motivational learning; psychological and physical balance), Authorial self-reflection (independence, courage, justice-seeking, empathy, inner growth, innovation, success, and stability), Inner advisor and life mottos (progress, resilience, self-belief, spirituality, authenticity, and self-acceptance), and Meaning reconstruction of memories (early challenges, growth and agency strategies, positive relationships, and trust). In sum, conscious guidance of perfectionism through career construction interventions can strengthen identity development and promote more conscious career choices among gifted students.
This study aims to numerically assess fuel-air premixing in an industrial dry-low emission (DLE) combustor with a radial swirler. Compressible Reynolds-Averaged Navier-Stokes (RANS) simulations were performed under reacting condition, non-reacting condition, and three turbulence models were assessed. Among these, the k-omega SST model was selected as the final turbulence closure, as it provides more satisfactory predictions. To accurately evaluate heat transfer, the conjugate-heat-transfer (CHT) method was applied. The analysis focuses on the mainfuel wall-injection line, with varying (i) injection side (pressure vs. suction), (ii) hole count at fixed total area (2 vs. 3 per passage), and (iii) lateral hole position across the slot. Six configurations were obtained (as results). For clarification, "1/2/3" denotes the three lateral layouts and "a/b" denotes the pressure/suction-side injection. Mixing was quantified by the measurement of the unmixedness parameter. Compared to 1a, 1b improved mixing at the swirler slot exit by 26.7%, enabling deeper penetration (approximate to 70% of slot width) and producing lower unmixedness variation along the passage (47.5% vs. 77.2%). Increasing the hole count to 3 resulted in a 6% rise in jet velocity and a 12.4% increase in the jet-to-crossflow momentum-flux ratio. However, the prevailing influence of counter-rotating vortex-pair interactions led to reduced penetration depth compared with the two-hole configuration. Under reacting conditions, Case 1b exhibits the largest reductions in peak flow temperature (3.1%) and burner tip temperature (9.2%). For Case 3b, these are 1.3% and 5.1%. Overall, configuration 3b provides the most uniform temperature field, whereas 1b minimizes burner-tip and domain-peak temperatures.
In the Persian-Arabian Gulf, conservation is uniquely complicated by transboundary ecosystems, migratory species, and anthropogenic pressures in the world’s hottest sea. Additionally, inadequate infrastructure, inconsistent data standards, and limited data interoperability complicate cross-border collaboration for science where geopolitical sensitivities, institutional fragmentation, and uneven capacities create a complex trust environment that can constrain cross-border collaboration. We propose a model for biodiversity data diplomacy inspired by the decentralized, reciprocal, and adaptive mycelium-like networks. While existing bodies such as the Regional Organization for the Protection of the Marine Environment (ROPME) play a role, we outline further steps, including regional data frameworks, capacity building, and inclusive governance. Like other examples of science diplomacy in complex trust geopolitical regions, we see renewed opportunities in the Gulf for politically neutral, equitable, and peer-driven spaces for data sharing. Most importantly, Gulf states and non-state actors can seize the opportunity to establish shared scientific priorities as foundations for broader diplomatic engagement, ecological resilience, climate adaptation, and scientific leadership.
