Kaduna State University is in Kaduna, Kaduna State, Nigeria. It was established in 2004. It has seven faculties with over 39 departments and a library that contains over 17,000 volumes of books. It has two campuses: Kafanchan and Kaduna.
PurposeIn light of the fast-paced digital transformation, this paper aims to examine the effectiveness and adoption of cybersecurity frameworks in higher education institutions (HEIs).Design/methodology/approachThe methodological approach involved a systematic literature review that synthesized evidence from recent studies to classify and evaluate cybersecurity frameworks that are relevant to HEIs.FindingsThe study identifies three main types of frameworks, which are maturity and capability models, governance-based and collaborative structures, and technical and operational mechanisms. COBIT 5, Zero Trust and risk assessment models are frameworks that enhance institutional safety only when they are aligned with governance, resources, cultural norms and user experience. Persistent issues include fragmented adoption, minimal cooperation among educational institutions, and a preference for normative rather than alternative methods. Integrating ethical considerations and training with cognitive theory, as well as postincident learning mechanisms, are among the best practices.Research limitations/implicationsThe limited number of empirical studies focusing on HEIs and the geographic preference for developed areas restrict the impact of the findings presented in this review.Practical implicationsThe results offer practical advice for HEIs to implement tailored, holistic cybersecurity frameworks that address resilience, collaboration and culture adaptation beyond just compliance.Social implicationsHEIs should prioritize cybersecurity to protect their teaching, research and innovation, as well as intellectual capital and public trust.Originality/valueThis paper presents a methodical examination of cybersecurity management frameworks in HEIs, emphasizing both technical and socio-technical aspects, providing premise development for culturally sensitive and sustainable strategies.
The increasing use of metal and metal oxide nanoparticles in industrial and biomedical applications has raised important environmental and health concerns. Conventional synthesis routes often depend on toxic chemicals and energy-intensive processes. This review aims to examine how isolated plant-derived polyphenols function as natural reducing and stabilizing agents in the green synthesis of nanoparticles, addressing the research question: How do specific polyphenols influence nanoparticle formation, morphology, and applicability? A comprehensive analysis of published experimental studies was conducted, focusing on isolated polyphenol classes such as flavonoids, tannins, lignans, and stilbenes. Mechanistic pathways of reduction and stabilization were examined, and the effects of synthesis parameters including polyphenol concentration, pH, and temperature on nanoparticle morphology were reviewed. Findings show that isolated polyphenols effectively mediate nanoparticle synthesis by reducing metal ions and stabilizing formed particles, enabling controlled size and shape formation. Variations in reaction conditions markedly influence nanoparticle morphology. Polyphenol-capped nanoparticles demonstrated enhanced biocompatibility and exhibited promising performance in catalysis, sensing, antimicrobial activity, and drug delivery applications. Polyphenol-mediated nanoparticle synthesis offers a sustainable, efficient, and tunable alternative to conventional chemical methods. Despite its potential, challenges remain—including the standardization of plant extracts and the consistent isolation of specific polyphenols. Addressing these limitations will be essential to fully harnessing this green synthesis approach for advanced industrial and biomedical applications.
First principle density functional theory was employed to investigate the physical properties and electronic transition of doped two-dimensional molybdenum disulphide (MoS2) with transition metal niobium (Nb) and vanadium (V) at varying doping concentration. The objective was to study how controlled doping affects the physical characteristics of doped MoS2for potential photodetection application. The obtained result reveal that Nb doping leads to progressive lattice expansion and rapid transition from semiconducting to metallic behavior which is attributed larger atomic radius and fewer valence electrons as compared to Mo. While V doping results in slight contraction of the lattice and a more gradual narrowing of the energy gap and retained it semiconducting nature at low and moderate doping concentration. The elastic properties result shows that Nb doping softens the material significantly than V doped which is due to weakened M-S bonding. The Band structure and total density of states analysis confirm the introduction of impurity levels and p-type character in Nb-doped systems, whereas V-doped systems show hybridization near the Fermi level with localized to semi-metallic transitions. These findings demonstrate that V doping offers a more stable and tunable route for enhancing the optoelectronic performance of MoS2, making it promising candidate for broadband photodetector.
Hypertension is a leading contributor to cardiovascular morbidity and mortality and a major driver of the noncommunicable disease burden in low- and middle-income countries. In Nigeria, prevalence estimates vary widely due to methodological heterogeneity across studies. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis to generate a current and geographically representative pooled estimate of hypertension prevalence among Nigerian adults. To estimate pooled prevalence of hypertension in Nigeria and examine subgroup differences. We conducted a systematic review and meta-analysis of primarily cross-sectional studies to estimate the pooled prevalence of hypertension and examine subgroup differences (sex, settings, and geopolitical zones). Eligible studies were identified through comprehensive database searches and screened according to predefined inclusion criteria. Pooled estimates were calculated using a random-effects model to account for between-study variability. Seven databases (MEDLINE, EMBASE, Scopus, Web of Science, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and African Journals Online) were systematically searched for primary studies published from January 2015 to September 2025. Eligible studies measured hypertension among adult Nigerians 18 years and above as systolic blood pressure ≥ 140 mmHg or diastolic pressure ≥ 90 mmHg or on antihypertensive medication). Titles and abstracts were screened, data were extracted, and the quality of studies evaluated by two independent reviewers using the Newcastle-Ottawa Scale. Heterogeneity was assessed through Q-test, I2, tau2, and 95
Land surface temperature is a key indicator of environmental conditions, and it is affected by both natural and anthropogenic activities. This study assessed the environmental determinants of land surface temperature (LST) within the Kaduna River Basin (KRB) using an integrated framework of machine learning and GeoDetector analysis. Using satellite-derived datasets, including MODIS (LST and NDVI), Sentinel-2 (LULC), and SRTM (elevation), this study quantifies regional and seasonal LST drivers. The results demonstrate significant seasonal shifts: the mean NDVI increased from 0.34 in the dry season to 0.51 in the wet season, whereas the mean LST decreased from 33.57 degrees C to 31.99 degrees C. Stacked ensemble machine learning (R-2 = 0.72 dry; 0.66 wet) and GeoDetector analysis identified vegetation (NDVI) and elevation as primary controls on the LST. Notably, the interaction between the NDVI and elevation was found to be more influential than individual factors, highlighting the synergistic role of topography and green cover in regulating basin-scale thermal dynamics. This study provides critical policy insights by stressing the importance of sustaining plant cover, particularly in specific topographical zones, in managing basin-scale thermal dynamics in the face of growing regional warming.
