Kaduna Polytechnic is one of the earliest polytechnics in Nigeria, located at Tudun Wada area of Kaduna South local government of Kaduna state, North-Western Nigeria. It was established in 1956 as Kaduna Technical Institute after the British Government accepted the upgrading of Yaba Higher College (now Yaba College of Technology) to a technical institute and also proposed the establishment of technical institutes in Kaduna and Enugu through the recommendation of the Higher Education Commission. The polytechnic offers National Diploma and Higher National Diploma courses at the undergraduate level. In 2019/2020 academic session the institute will start awarding National Diploma in Railway Engineering Technology as approved by NBTE on 30 January 2020. The board of Governors of Kaduna Polytechnic was set up in 1991, with representative of eleven state governments, universities, rectors. the board is responsible for the supervision and control of the school. they are called the Governing Council.
This study delves into the application of synthesized benzimidazole-derived azo dyes to nylon 6, 6 fabrics and evaluation of their dyeing efficiency. As reported in the first series of this research, ten novel azo acid dyes were synthesized from benzimidazole derivatives using H-acid, Gamma acid, J-acid and Tobias acid as the coupling components and both the synthesized intermediates and the dyes were characterised and their properties and structures confirmed using UV–Visible, FT-IR and 1H NMR spectroscopic techniques. The dyeing efficiency of the dyes was investigated on nylon 6, 6 fabrics, and the fastness to perspiration, light and washing were assessed. They showed very good percentage exhaustion (64–89)
Amid growing demand for sustainable energy, this work explores the production of third-generation biodiesel from waste Gmelina arborea leaf biomass using calcium hydroxide as an earth-abundant heterogeneous catalyst under mild conditions. Biodiesel synthesis was systematically investigated using a Box-Behnken design with 17 runs, with yields quantified as both percentage yield and specific yield (mg/g). Biodiesel yields varied widely, ranging from 0.23 to 30.00% (17.1-1259.8 mg/g), indicating a strong dependence on synergistic interactions among operating parameters rather than on individual variables alone. Reproducibility analysis conducted under identical reaction conditions yielded a mean biodiesel yield of 6.38% with a coefficient of variation of 36.1%, indicating acceptable process stability for a heterogeneous lignocellulosic system. While one-way ANOVA indicated that temperature alone did not exert a statistically significant influence on biodiesel yield within the studied range (p > 0.05), the strong variation in yields across different parameter combinations, culminating in a peak yield of 30.00% at 50 °C, 40 min, and 2.0 wt% catalyst loading, suggests that temperature effects are highly dependent on synergistic interactions with catalyst loading and reaction time. Overall, the results demonstrate that waste leaf biomass can serve as a viable third-generation biodiesel feedstock when coupled with mild calcium hydroxide catalysis, offering an energy-efficient and sustainable pathway that minimises food-fuel competition and supports circular bioeconomy development.
This study describes the design, synthesis and characterisation of benzimidazole-derived azo dyes. Ten novel azo acid dyes were synthesized from benzimidazole derivatives using H-acid, Gamma acid, J-acid and Tobias acid as the coupling components. The synthesized intermediates and the dyes were characterised and their properties and structures confirmed using UV–Visible, FT-IR and 1H-NMR spectroscopic techniques. The electronic absorption spectra of the synthesized dyes were within the wavelength range of 492‒660 nm in DMF at a uniform absorption intensity ranging from (0.18‒2.03) × 104 L.mol− 1 cm− 1 The FT-IR spectra of all the dyes showed peaks within the range of 3365‒3712 (cm− 1) corresponding to O–H stretching; 3425‒3362 (cm− 1) indicating N–H stretching; 1643‒1476 (cm− 1) confirming the presence of (–N = N-) and 1431.3‒1185 (cm− 1) which are attributed to (S = O) stretching. The 1H-NMR (δ) spectra of the dyes confirmed the presence of methyne (-CH-) groups between the range of 1.50‒1.89 ppm; methylene (-CH2-) groups between 1.27 and 1.47 ppm; methyl (-CH3-) groups between 1.16 and 1.20 ppm; aromatic protons between 6.78 and 8.63 ppm and carboxylic acid (-RCOOH) group between 10.36 and 12.78 ppm.
This study reconnoitres the influence of macroeconomic variables, specifically exchange rate volatility, on the financial performance of listed consumer goods firms in Nigeria from 2019 to 2024. Financial performance was measured by Return on Assets (ROA), while the key explanatory variables included exchange rate volatility proxies such as credit allocation and money supply. Secondary data were sourced from the annual reports of five selected firms listed on the Nigerian Exchange Group (NGX). Employing descriptive statistics, correlation analysis, diagnostic tests, and multiple regression techniques, the study analyzed the data to determine the relationships among variables. The findings indicated that exchange rate volatility and money supply significantly impact firms' financial performance, with exchange rate volatility negatively affecting ROA, and money supply exerting a positive influence. Credit allocation, however, showed an insignificant negative effect. The collective impact of these macroeconomic factors was statistically significant, underscoring their importance in firm performance within the sector. The study concludes that stable macroeconomic policies are vital for enhancing the financial health of consumer goods companies in Nigeria. It recommends that regulators and policymakers adopt strategies to stabilize exchange rates, monitor money supply, and improve macroeconomic management to foster sustainable growth. The research contributes valuable insights for investors, managers, and policymakers aiming to understand and mitigate macroeconomic risks influencing firm performance in Nigeria’s consumer goods industry. Limitations include reliance on secondary data and sector-specific focus, suggesting avenues for future research.
Greenhouse gas emissions continue to rise globally despite the implementation of various climate policies, raising concerns about the effectiveness of existing mitigation strategies. This study examines how climate policy, energy consumption, technological innovation, and economic activity influence emissions, while also exploring the role of advanced computational approaches in improving estimation accuracy. A quantitative panel data methodology was employed, utilizing fixed effects, random effects, instrumental variables, and generalized method of moment’s estimators to address heterogeneity and endogeneity. The findings reveal that climate policy and technological innovation significantly reduce emissions, while energy consumption and economic activity increase environmental degradation. The results further indicate that energy consumption remains the strongest driver of emissions, whereas policy interventions and innovation play crucial roles in mitigating environmental impact. Additionally, enhanced computational approaches improve model performance and predictive accuracy. The study concludes that effective climate policy, combined with technological advancement and sustainable energy transitions, is essential for achieving environmental sustainability. It recommends strengthening carbon pricing mechanisms, promoting renewable energy adoption, and increasing investment in green innovation to reduce emissions. Overall, the study contributes to the understanding of the complex interactions between economic and environmental factors and provides insights for policy formulation.
