Kharkiv State University of Food Technology and Trade

The object of this study is the radiation drying of local agricultural raw materials (Jerusalem artichoke of the "Kyivskyi bily" variety and apples of the "Williams" variety) in a mobile structure of a vertical-modular solar dryer. The study is aimed at improving the resource-saving drying of agricultural raw materials. The solar dryer has adjustable hemispherical air collectors (tilt angle 20…45°) and a heat-insulated chamber with a thermal accumulator (stone pebbles, size 50–80 mm), a backup infrared heater (600 W), and autonomous fans in a combination with Peltier elements. Drying of agricultural raw materials with a thickness of 4–12 mm and a heat carrier speed of 0.05–2.0 m/s was carried out in the summer-autumn decades of 2024. The drying duration of Jerusalem artichoke was 38.6–50 h, apples – 30.5…37 h; drying temperature – 22…50 °C. Moisture removal was 77.8 % for Jerusalem artichoke and 87.0 % for apples. Moisture removal when loading 6.0 kg of raw materials was 3.5 kg for Jerusalem artichoke (77.8 % moisture) and 4.2 kg for apples (87.0 % moisture) under drying conditions to a moisture content of 20.0 %. Losses of vitamin C during sun drying in Jerusalem artichoke were 2.17 times (versus 3.21 times during convective drying), and in apples – 2.26 times (versus 2.58 times). Dietary fiber in Jerusalem artichoke decreased by 2.29 times (versus 3.33 times), and in apples – by 2.25 times (versus 3.91 times). Losses of β-carotene in Jerusalem artichoke during sun drying were 2.65 times (versus 3.08 times). There was also a smaller decrease in phosphorus and mono- and disaccharides. Dried semi-finished products had a uniform appearance, light yellow color, and natural taste and aroma properties. An improved mechanism for managing the competitiveness of agricultural enterprises combines technical, economic, and organizational aspects for entering the European market and expanding exports

The object of the study is the technological indicators of the emulsion protein-fat system developed on the basis of oilseeds and their processing products. The research problem is the need to stabilize the emulsion of the protein-fat system of plant origin. The solution to the problem of adjusting the technological indicators of emulsion protein-fat systems based on flax seeds and soybean meal is considered, in particular, the stability of the emulsion and resistance to oxidative damage. An emulsion protein-fat system with an increased content of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (ALA) based on a mixture of flax seeds and soybean meal is developed. The influence of the ratio of raw materials on the stability of the emulsion system is investigated. It was found that the rational ratio of flax seeds (40 %) and soybean meal (60 %) provides high resistance of the lipid component to oxidative damage, which is confirmed by the increase in the peroxide value by only 0.9 mmol ½O/kg after 30 days of storage. The effect of stabilizers – xanthan gum (0.5 %) and polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (0.2 %) – on the stability of the emulsion protein-fat system during 30-day storage at a temperature of 4 °C was studied. The emulsion system of the developed composition is characterized by a lower protein content compared to the reference sample (by 8 %), however, this disadvantage is compensated by the balance of the fatty acid composition, a significantly higher content of ω-3 PUFA (9.8 % vs. 0 %) and lipids (17.7 % vs. 1.1 %). Such characteristics significantly increase its nutritional value. The developed protein-fat system has significant potential for implementation in the food industry, contributing to the creation of new products with a high ALA content and expanding the range of emulsion products that meet modern standards of healthy nutrition

One of the major global challenges to sustainable natural resource management is the long-term impact of the Russian-Ukrainian war. This study presents the results of a review and ecological-economic assessment of war-related damage to Ukraine’s natural resources, with particular emphasis on atmospheric air, land, soil, and water resources. A theoretical and bibliometric analysis of publications addressing environmental impacts of the war was conducted. The scale of damage to air, land, water resources, and the natural reserve fund of Ukraine was summarised. According to preliminary estimates, within the first three years of the conflict (as of April 2025), environmental losses reached UAH 4.0 trillion, equivalent to USD 99.8 billion or EUR 92.2 billion. The largest proportion of damage affected the nature reserve fund (47.1%) and land resources (30.5%), while water resources accounted for 2.9% and air pollution for 19.5% of total losses. These estimates represent only part of the documented damage in territories under Ukrainian control. Reparations should form the basis for post-war restoration of degraded natural resources. The study substantiates the feasibility of sustainable post-war recovery of agrarian land use through the implementation of sustainable management practices and innovative technologies.

The object of this study is the process of producing polycomponent semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness using a model structure of functional equipment, in particular, based on apple, Jerusalem artichoke, table beet, and sea buckthorn. A feature of the improved technique is the implementation of preliminary heat treatment with hot steam of raw materials: apple – 1.0...2.0 min, Jerusalem artichoke – 3...6 min, and table beet – 6...12 min, respectively. Sea buckthorn was not processed, only technological rinsing was used. Grinding of raw materials was carried out on a double grinding machine (apple, Jerusalem artichoke, and table beet – 0.2...0.5 10-3 m, and sea buckthorn – 0.5...1 mm). The combined production of polycomponent semi-finished products of a high degree of readiness (pastes/fractional powder) was implemented using a model structure of functional equipment. The boiling process in a rotary-film evaporator was carried out at a temperature of 55 °C for 65 seconds to a dry matter content of 25 %. Drying of the cooked multicomponent mass was carried out in a single-drum cylindrical IR dryer at a temperature of 50 °C to a final moisture content of 3...6 % and fractional grinding (0.3...0.6 mm). The rheological properties of the paste-like multicomponent semi-finished product were determined by the change in dynamic viscosity for composition 2, which is 485 Pa∙s, and in the control sample of applesauce, this indicator is 50 Pa∙s. When boiling in a rotary-film evaporator at a temperature of 55 °C to a content of 30 % of dry substances, there is an increase in the strength of dynamic viscosity by 3.2 times (600 Pa∙s), and in the control (apple paste) this indicator is 178 Pa∙s with a dry matter content of 25 %

Abstract The paper analyzes the existing theoretical research of corn seed separation and calibration processes. The machines, tools and equipment that implement the process were studied. An innovative sieve with openings in the Cassini oval shape was proposed for the economical separation and calibration of corn seeds. The results of operation of the proposed sieve in the operating conditions of Kharkiv Feed Mill on BSH-100 serial separators were considered. The study of the effectiveness of sifting corn seeds through the holes of the sieves was carried out in partnership with the State University “Ukrainian Research Institute of Forecasting and Testing of Agricultural Production Techniques and Technologies named after Leonid Pohorily” (Kharkiv Branch). The use of sieves with openings in the Cassini oval shape, instead of classic circular base openings, was found to result in an increase in throughput capacity of the sieve and open area of up to 20%.