Kinder Morgan, Inc. is one of the largest energy infrastructure companies in North America. The company specializes in owning and controlling oil and gas pipelines and terminals.Kinder Morgan owns an interest in or operates approximately 83,000 mi (134,000 km) of pipelines and 143 terminals. The company's pipelines transport natural gas, liquefied natural gas, ethanol, biodiesel, hydrogen, refined petroleum products, crude oil, carbon dioxide, and more. Kinder Morgan also stores or handles a variety of products and materials at their terminals such as gasoline, jet fuel, ethanol, coal, petroleum coke, and steel.The company has approximately 72,000 mi (116,000 km) of natural gas pipelines and is the largest natural gas pipeline operator in the United States, moving about 40 percent of the natural gas consumed. The company previously had built a major presence in Canada with the Trans Mountain pipeline, but that infrastructure is now publicly owned and operated. The company's CO2 division traditionally provides carbon dioxide (CO2) for enhanced oil recovery projects in North America, but also increasingly for carbon sequestration efforts.
Abstract Problem Integrating research into medical education fosters critical thinking and evidence-based practice. However, student participation in research can be limited by the lack of centralized, up-to-date project opportunities and mentor availability. Although Baylor College of Medicine established the Student Opportunities for Advancement in Research (SOAR) database to connect students with faculty-led projects, limited faculty participation persisted. An intervention was designed to increase faculty engagement in medical student research. Approach The SOAR office developed and implemented an eLearning module supported by a multipronged marketing campaign. This intervention aimed to increase awareness of SOAR resources, clarify mentorship expectations, and streamline project submission. The module was developed using Backward Design and consisted of 7 lessons incorporating multimedia elements in a 15-30 minutes learning experience. The marketing campaign included emails, newsletter announcements, and flyers. The eLearning and marketing campaign were implemented over a 6-week period from October 1 to November 11, 2024. Outcomes Faculty engagement was evaluated using project submission records and Kirkpatrick-based surveys. After launching the SOAR database in 2021, an average of 5 projects were submitted per month. In the 6 weeks following the October 2024 eLearning implementation, 178 projects were submitted. Of these submissions, 69.7% (124/178) were from faculty who completed the module, 7.9% (14/178) from faculty who viewed but did not complete the module, and 22.5% (40/178) from faculty with no interaction. At the participant level, 85.0% (108/127) of faculty who completed the module submitted at least one project. Over the subsequent 10-month period (December 2024-September 2025), submissions increased to 14 projects per month. Next Steps Future efforts include longitudinal evaluation of mentor recognition, project submissions and project updates over time, and the impact of outreach strategies on sustained faculty participation in medical student research.
As urbanization continues, urban water resource dynamics are increasingly crucial for sustainable city planning, flood risk mitigation, and long-term water security. Geospatial and remote sensing tools enable efficient monitoring of water resources in rapidly growing cities, aiding decision-making for sustainable urban planning. This research examined spatiotemporal changes in 17 lakes within the rapidly expanding Dallas-Fort Worth (DFW) metropolitan area in the United States from 1984 to 2021, using the Global Surface Water (GSW) dataset via cloud-based remote sensing (Google Earth Engine, GEE) and non-cloud-based remote sensing (ArcGIS Pro). No statistically significant differences were found between the two datasets and methods with only slight differences depending on specific lake and classification approach, suggesting that both the ArcGIS Pro and GSW-GEE methods can effectively detect geospatial and temporal changes in lakes. Overall, this study highlights the importance of selecting the appropriate dataset and method for analyzing spatiotemporal changes in urban lake environments.
Cathodic protection (CP) technology is widely utilized to safeguard aboveground storage tanks (ASTs) against soil-side corrosion, with the U.S. Department of Transportation mandating the implementation of CP systems for ASTs governed by federal regulations. CP is typically applied to the new ASTs bottom through the installation of anodes under the tanks. The anodic portion of impressed current cathodic protection (ICCP) systems consists of titanium conductor bars and mixed metal oxide (MMO) anodes which are embedded in the sand bed a few inches below the new bottoms. To enhance the soil-side protection of tank bottoms, the combined usage of Vapor Corrosion Inhibitors (VCIs) and CP systems has shown promise. Previous studies have indicated that the use of VCIs and CP is synergistic, and the performance of anodes remained unaffected by the presence of VCIs. Building upon these findings, the present research aims to investigate the integrity of titanium substrate MMO anodes in the presence of VCIs. This study focuses on the electrochemical characteristics of titanium substrate mixed metal oxide (MMO), in conjunction with VCIs. Through the utilization of ASTM G61, the research findings suggest that the pitting immunity nature of MMO and titanium anodes remains unaltered in the presence of VCIs.
