Konan Women's University (甲南女子大学, Kōnan joshi daigaku) is a private women's college in Higashinada-ku, Kobe, Hyōgo, Japan. The predecessor of the school was founded in 1920, and it was chartered as a junior college in 1955. In 1964 it became a four-year college..
Emotion regulation strategies are typically evaluated by their efficacy, yet a strategy that works may still go unused if it does not feel usable. The present study examined whether two strategies for reducing empathy-induced partiality—third-party perspective-taking and cognitive reappraisal—differ in perceived usability, and whether this usability depends on dispositional empathy. Adults (N = 212) read a prioritization scenario, regulated their response using one of the two strategies, and rated the usability of the strategy they had used. The two strategies reduced helping prioritization to a comparable degree, with moderate Bayesian evidence for no difference. However, third-party perspective-taking was rated as substantially more usable than cognitive reappraisal. Critically, this usability advantage was moderated by trait perspective-taking but not by trait empathic concern: among individuals high in dispositional perspective-taking, third-party perspective-taking was experienced as especially usable, whereas the usability of reappraisal was unrelated to either trait. Thus, the disposition that generates empathy-induced partiality was not the disposition that made its remedy feel usable. These findings indicate that the practical value of an emotion regulation strategy depends on the fit between its core operation and the perceiver's habitual dispositions, with implications for tailoring regulation guidance to individuals.
We introduce a multidimensional scaling framework that represents survival outcomes and covariates in a single two-dimensional map. Two reference points called poles represent the event direction and survival or non-event direction at a fixed follow-up time. The poles and covariates are represented in a multidimensional scaling space, such that each covariate is closer to one pole. This representation is intended to combine two readings in a unified visualization, namely, the relational structure between covariates and each covariate location relative to the two survival-outcome poles. The event pole is built from the martingale residual of a null Cox model, while the non-event pole is built from a Kaplan–Meier pseudo-survival quantity. To produce a clearly interpretable unified visualization, Pearson correlations between items are converted into distances using three category-specific exponents for the pairs of covariate–covariate, covariate–pole, and pole–pole. The proposed framework is evaluated on the Rossi recidivism dataset (N = 432). Financial aid and marital status are closer to the non-recidivism pole, while prior convictions and race are closer to the recidivism pole. A simulation under Cox proportional hazards provides a known coefficient structure, with positive- and negative-coefficient covariates near the event and non-event poles, respectively.
Disturbed body perception is associated with chronic musculoskeletal pain, but its temporal relationship with pain after total knee arthroplasty (TKA) is unclear. We examined whether within-person fluctuations in knee-specific body perception are prospectively associated with pain intensity after TKA, beyond stable between-person differences. A total of 285 people undergoing primary TKA completed the Fremantle Knee Awareness Questionnaire (FreKAQ) and 100-mm visual analogue scales for pain during movement and resting pain preoperatively and at 1, 3, 6 months, and 1 year postoperatively. Random-intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPMs) were estimated across 5 waves. Model fit was evaluated with the standardized root-mean-square residual (SRMR), comparative fit index (CFI), and root mean square error of approximation (RMSEA). Pain intensity and FreKAQ scores decreased over 1 year. In both RI-CLPMs, higher FreKAQ scores at 6 months were associated with greater pain intensity at 1 year (pain during movement: beta = 0.262, P = 0.004; resting pain: beta = 0.359, P = 0.003). Resting pain intensity at 3 months was associated with FreKAQ at 6 months (beta = 0.179, P = 0.033), whereas no other paths from pain to subsequent FreKAQ scores were significant. Model fit was mixed, with acceptable SRMR and CFI values, but RMSEA values exceeding recommended thresholds. These results highlight a later recovery period warranting further assessment. Disturbed knee-specific body perception at 6 months may be associated with subsequent pain after TKA; however, these observational findings do not establish causality and warrant further longitudinal and interventional research before body-perception-focused rehabilitation can be recommended.
Abstract Objective Perceived injustice is a psychosocial risk factor associated with delayed recovery and poor occupational outcomes among workers with pain conditions. We examined a theory-informed pathway linking occupational stressors, perceived injustice, pain interference, depressive symptoms, and insomnia, while evaluating selected measurement properties of the Japanese Injustice Experience Questionnaire–Short Form (IEQ-SF-J). Methods This cross-sectional online survey included 600 Japanese workers (300 with headache and 300 with low back pain). Structural validity of the IEQ-SF-J was evaluated using exploratory and confirmatory factor analyses (CFA) and item response theory. Construct validity was examined using Spearman correlations. Structural equation modelling (SEM) estimated indirect associations between job demands or low job control and pain interference, depressive symptoms, and insomnia, with perceived injustice specified as a latent intervening construct. Results CFA supported a unidimensional structure (comparative fit index = 0.993; root mean square error of approximation = 0.080). Internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach’s α = 0.82; McDonald’s ω = 0.90), and test–retest reliability was moderate (intraclass correlation coefficient = 0.60). IEQ-SF-J scores correlated significantly with pain interference, insomnia, and depressive symptoms. Job demands and low job control showed significant indirect associations with all three outcomes involving perceived injustice. Conclusions The IEQ-SF-J showed supportive evidence for several measurement properties and occupied a theoretically coherent position in associations linking occupational stressors with pain interference, depressive symptoms, and insomnia among workers with headache or low back pain.
Background: Older adults requiring long-term care often spend prolonged time in sedentary behavior. Interrupting SB requires assessing the behavioral determinants that support or hinder SB interruptions, but no dedicated instrument is available. This study aimed to develop the Sedentary Behavior Interruption Questionnaire (SB-IQ) and examine its structural and concurrent validity. Methods: Items were generated based on the Theoretical Domains Framework to create an 83-item prototype mapped to the Capability, Opportunity, Motivation, and Behavior system. The prototype was refined through expert review and a three-round Delphi process, yielding a 40-item, content-valid second version. Structural validity was assessed via Rasch analysis in older adults requiring long-term care (n = 129). Concurrent validity was examined in a subsample with accelerometer-measured SB (n = 57) by computing Spearman correlations between SB-IQ domain scores and ≥60-minute sedentary bouts. Results: Rasch analysis indicated that the Motivation domain was not unidimensional; items were reclassified into four domains via exploratory factor analysis, and then reevaluated. The final SB-IQ comprised 28 items across six domains: Capability (5), Opportunity (8), Beliefs about consequences (3), Goals (4), Beliefs about capabilities (5), and Behavioral regulation (3). All domains met unidimensionality and fit criteria. Significant negative correlations with sedentary bouts were seen between Behavioral regulation (rho = –0.349) and Beliefs about capabilities (rho = –0.348). Conclusions: The final SB-IQ was established after structural validation. Its associations with objectively measured sedentary bouts support concurrent validity. The SB-IQ may help clinicians design individualized strategies and identify the behavioral determinants of interruptions in prolonged SB in older adults requiring long-term care.
