Koszalin University of Technology

Molar incisor hypomineralization (MIH) is a qualitative developmental defect of enamel and one of the most prevalent oral health conditions in childhood. Over the last two decades, increasing attention has been given to its prevalence and etiology; however, marked heterogeneity in diagnostic criteria and indices has limited the comparability of epidemiological findings. This systematic review aimed to identify and describe the diagnostic indices used for the epidemiological assessment of MIH in the general pediatric population. A systematic literature search was conducted in PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar to identify epidemiological studies published between January 2001 and December 2024 reporting MIH prevalence in children. Study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality assessment were performed independently by two reviewers in accordance with PRISMA guidelines. The review protocol was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022345224). A total of 198 articles were included, corresponding to 201 independent epidemiological studies, as three articles reported results from two distinct study populations. The European Academy of Paediatric Dentistry (EAPD) criteria were used in 171 studies (75.7

As biostimulants have become a strategic tool for sustainable crop production in the face of changing environmental conditions, there is a continual demand for the development of innovative and more effective formulations. A novel approach that utilizes plasma treatment to enhance the extraction process in biostimulant production has recently emerged. This study investigated the plant-based biostimulant (prepared from horsetail, dog rose, and soapwort) and the potential of using gliding arc cold plasma (GA) and low-pressure microwave (MW) discharges to improve its efficacy. The experiment evaluated the effects of untreated versus plasma-treated biostimulants on soybean plant growth and vitality while elucidating their mechanisms. The results revealed that biostimulant application had a positive effect (p < 0.05) on different microbial groups in the soil. The treated plants presented greater root length and biomass (p < 0.05) as well as increased shoot height (p < 0.05). Generally, treatment with biostimulants increased lignification, as reflected by higher acid detergent fibre (ADF) and acid detergent lignin (ADL) fractions, as well as elevated peroxide levels, total isoflavone content, and antioxidant potential of plants measured by DPPH and ABTS assays. All biostimulants strongly upregulated the pathogenesis-related protein genes CHIA1 (encoding chitinase A1) and GLU (encoding β-1,3-glucanase) in the leaves of soybean plants. Elevated expression of selected genes related to jasmonic acid (JA) biosynthesis, mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signalling, cellular detoxification, and redox homeostasis was also observed. Overall, all the tested biostimulant variants improved the growth parameters of the soybean plants. Biostimulant application triggered complex defence responses involving changes in gene expression, antioxidant potential, secondary metabolite levels, and cell wall composition. The formulation generated by GA outperformed the other tested variants (MW discharge and untreated biostimulants), highlighting the potential of this technology to enhance biostimulant efficacy.

This study evaluates how solution treatment and aging influence the deformation mechanisms, phase transformations and functional performance of NiTi alloys produced by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF). Tensile tests performed at room temperature (RT) and -20 °C (LT) were combined with Differential Scanning Calorimetry (DSC), X-ray Diffraction (XRD) and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM) analyses to correlate mechanical response with transformation thermodynamics and microstructural evolution. In the as-fabricated (AF) condition, deformation is governed by twinning and martensitic plasticity due to suppressed stress-induced martensite (SIM). Solution treatment (ST) restores reversible SIM at RT and preserves partial recoverability at LT as a result of microstructural homogenization and internal stress relief. Aging at 500 °C (A1h, A20h) promotes Ni4Ti3 precipitation, increasing transformation temperatures and stabilizing martensite, which leads to entirely irreversible deformation at both temperatures. These findings establish a clear functional continuum-ranging from recoverable (ST) to dissipative (AF) and fully irreversible (A20h) behavior-and provide a mechanistic framework for tailoring LPBF NiTi components for actuators, energy-storage and energy-dissipation applications.

The article discusses issues associated with modelling the uncertainty of estimating the quality of information acquired during the monitoring and alarming process within fire alarm systems (FAS) operated in buildings. The FAS in question guarantees fire safety for a selected building and the accumulated animate (humans, animals, etc.) and inanimate (collected property) matter, as well as oversees the surrounding natural environment through monitoring and protection, e.g., fuel, grease, and chemical compound storage. Therefore, a FAS must exhibit a reliable structure of the operating process, as well as alarm and fault signal transmission (AFST) to remote monitoring centers (fire alarm receiving center and fault signal receiving station). The further section of the paper includes a critical source literature review, which led to the conclusion that FAS functionality assessment requires determining information quality (IQ) and monitoring the IQ level that will enable estimating the FAS state. Because the information quality is determined, in addition to system reliability, many other aspects that contribute to information quality are also considered. IQ determination is presented based on an example of a representative FAS that monitors a given building. The selected FAS was subjected to a review of fire detection methods, and a statistical study of the errors occurring within AFST was conducted on this basis. Uncertainty modelling was employed to determine IQ. It enables the estimation of information quality for both dependent and independent elements. The next section of the article presents an estimation of the IQ process in an FAS employing uncertainty modelling based on fuzzy rough sets and ahypothesis certainty factor. Created an uncertainty hybrid method for IQ calculation. Ultimately, an information quality model was developed, and an example of IQ calculation was presented. The authors also conducted a computer simulation that enables the development of conclusions. The methods presented can be applied to the design, ongoing maintenance operation, and improvement of an FAS

The treatment of chronic wounds is critically challenged by resilient biofilms formed by multidrug-resistant (MDR) pathogens, which are largely impervious to conventional antibiotics. This study addresses this challenge by engineering a multifunctional hydrogel dressing that synergistically integrates bacterial cellulose (BC), MXene nanosheets, and hydroxyapatite (HAp). Plays a critical dual role in the composite, significantly boosting bioactivity while also stabilizing the MXene to prevent oxidation and maintain its antibacterial properties. As a result, the BC/MXene/HAp composite achieved a near-total (98%) eradication of viable cells in mature biofilms of challenging MDR pathogens, including MRSA and FQRPA. Such activity is driven by a dual-mechanism that effectively disrupts both the initial attachment of bacteria and the structural scaffold of established biofilms. Complementing this efficacy, in vitro assays with NIH-3T3 fibroblasts confirm that the composite supports excellent cell adhesion, proliferation, and metabolic activity, highlighting its high biocompatibility. This work demonstrates a nonantibiotic strategy to combat biofilms through a synergistically designed biomaterial. Given its robust performance and multifunctionality, this platform is a promising candidate for the development of advanced therapeutic dressings in regenerative wound care.