Kyungsung University is a private university in Busan, South Korea. It is located in the district of Nam-gu, southwest of the famous Haeundae beach. The campus is located near Kyungsung University-Pukyong National University Station on Line 2.The university was established by the late Reverend Dr. Kim Gil-Chang, a pioneer of Christianity in Korea. The university was originally called Kyungnam Teacher's College and established in 1955 under the ideals of Christian love and service, In 1979 the school was re-organized and renamed Pusan Industrial University. At the time of the founding of Pusan Industrial University, the General Construction Committee began work on expanding and improving the quality of the university's facilities. As a result, the university received official sanctioning as a general university in September, 1983.The name of the university was changed to Kyungsung University in 1988 during the process of becoming an international university which can fulfill the needs of today's society.The university has 10 undergraduate colleges (Liberal Arts, Law and Politics, Commerce and Economics, Science, Engineering, Pharmacy, Arts, Theology, Multimedia, and Chinese) encompassing 7 different faculties and 54 departments at the time of 2011.There are seven graduate schools (General, International Management, Multimedia, Education, Social Welfare, Clinical Pharmacy, and Digital Design). In addition, seven affiliated organizations and seven affiliated research institutes have been established to aid teaching and research. Kyungsung University's 700 employees and over 13,000 students are all working together to achieve the school's educational goals.Since 2002, the university has held a regional conference between South Korea and China regarding sustainable development of the Northeast Asia region.The Kyungsung University Museum has been involved in the excavation of important regional archaeological sites. In the 1990s, the university museum was responsible for excavating the Daeseong-dong site, a protohistoric cemetery Gimhae with high-status burials from the Proto–Three Kingdoms Period..
Purpose This study aims to investigate how visual attention to online travel agency (OTA) app elements influences user behavior and satisfaction by integrating experimental and real-world data. Design/methodology/approach This study used a multi-method approach combining an eye-tracking experiment with 40 participants, a post-experiment survey on usage intention and big data analysis of 5,547 Google Play reviews from five major OTA platforms, using text mining and regression techniques. Findings The eye-tracking results showed that users focused most on user reviews and app information, rather than logos or app names. Visual attention to reviews significantly predicted higher usage intention (beta = 0.58, p < 0.001). Review-based big data analysis revealed that user satisfaction was positively associated with user experience and pricing and deals, while negatively affected by APP operation and APP reliability issues. Practical implications OTA platforms should prioritize the visibility and clarity of user reviews and app information, as these areas drive both attention and intention. Improving app stability, reducing operational errors and offering clear pricing can further enhance user satisfaction and loyalty. Originality/value This study uniquely combines eye-tracking, survey and big data review analysis to assess OTA app user behavior. It offers practical insights for digital marketers and developers by linking visual attention patterns with usage intentions and real-world satisfaction, thereby advancing research in tourism and mobile app design.
This study develops an AI-driven forecasting model that leverages deep learning and advanced data analytics to assess the sustainability of the esports ecosystem and its impact on tourism and hospitality. Addressing a critical research gap at the intersection of esports and hospitality management, the model offers actionable insights for industry stakeholders while advancing academic understanding. Using a multidisciplinary approach, it systematically examines economic value creation in esports and its role in enhancing sustainable hospitality practices, including boosted tourism, improved customer engagement, and new revenue streams from events and collaborations. Findings indicate that AI and deep learning significantly improve forecasting accuracy, positioning esports as a catalyst for innovation in tourism and hospitality. This research provides a structured framework for future studies and practical guidance for integrating esports into sustainable tourism and hospitality strategies.
This study empirically examined how autonomy and competence from Self-Determination Theory (SDT), along with perceived risk, influenced customers' well-being and continued use intention of restaurant self-service kiosks in South Korea. Despite the rapid adoption of kiosk-based services, limited research has explored how psychological factors shape both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in technology-mediated service contexts. To address this gap, this study investigates the role of autonomy, competence, and perceived risk in influencing well-being and subsequent behavioral intentions. Data were collected from Korean customers who had used restaurant self-service kiosks, for one month starting on 10 October 2024, and a total of 360 valid responses were used for hypothesis testing. The results indicated that both autonomy and competence positively affected on hedonic well-being, while only autonomy significantly affected eudaimonic well-being. Perceived risk negatively influenced both hedonic and eudaimonic well-being, which in turn positively influenced continued use intention. The findings contribute to the literature by extending SDT research in a kiosk-based service environment and highlighting the pivotal role of hedonic and eudaimonic well-being in shaping technology use behavior. Practical implications are offered and provide insights into the design of user-centered kiosk services that promote sustainable dining experiences.
This study explores the adjustment of South Asian international students in South Korea using social identity and self-determination theories. Survey data from 267 students (2024-2025) were analyzed with STATA 19.5 to examine how pre-arrival cultural familiarity, perceived ethnic discrimination, and post-arrival cultural experiences affect daily life and academic adjustment. The findings indicate that cultural familiarity positively predicts daily life and, to a lesser extent, academic adjustment. While perceived discrimination has no direct effect, post-arrival experiences, such as positive interactions with locals, social engagement, and favorable perceptions of work and education culture, significantly buffer its negative effects. Notably, perceptions of technological advancement exacerbate the adverse impact of discrimination on academic adjustment. Overall, the results emphasize the critical role of social connectedness and supportive institutional environments in fostering resilience and promoting the well-being of South Asian students adapting to South Korean higher education. This article is distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License (CC BY 4.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are credited. https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
Human biomonitoring provides direct measures of internal exposure to environmental chemicals, but translating biomarker concentrations into quantitative external exposure and risk estimates remains challenging. Chloromethylisothiazolinone (CMIT) and methylisothiazolinone (MIT) are widely used biocides, and population exposure is typically assessed via urinary biomarkers. However, a quantitative framework connecting biomonitoring data to external dose and health risk is currently lacking. This study aims to quantitatively reconstruct external CMIT/MIT exposures from human urinary biomonitoring data using a population pharmacokinetic (PopPK) model and to assess human health risk via integrating reverse dosimetry with an internal dose–based reference dose (RfD). A human-scale PopPK model capable of quantitatively describing urinary excretion of N-methylmalonamic acid and the mercapturic acid metabolite M-12 following oral CMIT/MIT exposure was developed. Model parameters were estimated using nonlinear mixed-effects modeling and evaluated via bootstrap analysis, visual predictive checks, goodness-of-fit diagnostics, and normalized prediction distribution error analysis. The validated model was then applied to adult biomonitoring data from the German Environmental Sample Bank and to pediatric and adolescent survey data. External exposure doses were reconstructed via reverse dosimetry, accounting for inter-individual PK variability. Human health risk was quantified using the margin of exposure (MOE) approach, referencing an internal dose–derived oral RfD of 0.02 mg/kg/day. The final PopPK model reliably captured urinary biomarker excretion dynamics at population and individual levels. Parameter estimates were robust, with bootstrap medians closely aligned with the final model values. Reconstructed external exposures exhibited no consistent long-term increasing or decreasing trend in adults and no systematic age- or sex-related pattern in pediatric and adolescents. Most exposure scenarios yielded MOE values > 10, while only extreme upper-bound conditions yielded MOEs of approximately 2–5. Even under conservative assumptions, all MOE values remained above 1. This study demonstrates that human biomonitoring data can be quantitatively translated into external exposure and risk metrics using a PopPK-based reverse dosimetry framework. The findings indicate that current CMIT/MIT exposure levels in the general population are unlikely to pose health concerns under typical environmental conditions. The integrated biomonitoring–modeling approach offers a regulatory-relevant framework for linking internal biomarkers to external exposure and health risk assessment.
