Background: Zoonotic diseases remain a major public health problem. In Côte d’Ivoire, rabies causes significant economic losses in human and animal populations. Aim: To determine the prevalence and risk factors of animal rabies in Côte d’Ivoire. Methods: A retro-prospective study was conducted in which surveillance registers of the Directorate of Veterinary Services were consulted and information from 2020 to 2023 on rabies in different animal species was recorded and analyzed. Results: A total of 152 people were exposed to animal rabies. Of the 147 brain tissue samples obtained from various animal species suspected of rabies and sent to the Central Veterinary Laboratory of Bingerville (LANADA), viral examination of these samples using the direct immunofluorescence technique method showed that 111 samples were positive for rabies, representing an overall prevalence of 75.51% (95% CI: 67.74%–82.22%). The most affected animal species were dogs, with a prevalence of 74.83% (110/147) and a very low prevalence in cats [0.68% (1/147)]. The association between cases of rabies and risk factors showed that males [79.81% (83/104)] were more exposed to rabies than females [65.12% (28/43)]. Animals aged ≥ 36 months [79.75% (63/79)] had a higher risk of infection than their younger counterparts [70.59% (48/69)]. However, vaccinated animals had a lower risk of contracting rabies. Stray animals that had been in contact with rabies-infected counterparts had a higher risk of infection [˃90% (81/89)]. Conclusion: It is clear that this zoonosis remains a permanent public health threat to the population of Côte d’Ivoire, and it is important to implement a national epidemiological surveillance network to better manage this disease.
Subclinical mastitis is the most considered pathology in dairy farming and is responsible for economic losses in cows. The condition remains asymptomatic in dairy cows and treatment is mainly done without laboratory analysis. The objective of this work is to research bacterial causes of subclinical mastitis in dairy cows and to study their sensitivity to certain antibiotics. Thus, this study was carried out in four departments (Korhogo, Sinématiali, Dikodougou and M'bengué) in the Poro region (Ivory Coast) from May to August 2022 in traditional farms on 288 neighborhood milk samples taken from dairy cows with subclinical mastitis. The milk samples were analyzed using standard bacteriological isolation and identification techniques. Staphylococcus aureus were isolated on Baird-Parker potassium tellurite agar and mixed with egg yolk, Klebsiella spp isolated on MacConkey agar, Escherichia coli isolated on MacConkey, Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolated on TSA and King A agar, Micrococcus spp isolated on Chapman agar; then incubated at 37°C for 24 to 48 hours. The identification of bacteria was carried out by standard methods (appearance of colonies, Gram staining, catalase test, coagula-associated oxidase test, etc.). The biochemical characteristics were studied using the API Bio Mérieux galleries (API Staph and API20E etc.) The sensitivity of the main germs isolated was tested against ten (10) antimicrobials including those used in the treatment of mastitis by veterinary clinicians in the region. from Poro.The bacteriological analysis were identified 43% of Gram-positive cocci in minority, with particulary 18% of Staphylococcus aureus. In majority, Gram-negative bacilli were detected at 57% with particulary 38% of Enterobacteria (Klebsiella spp and Escherichia coli). The antibiogram showed excellent sensitivity to Staphylococcus aureus to Gentamycin 100%, good sensitivity to chloramphenicol and neomycin at 90% then acceptable sensitivity to the Trimethoprim-Sulfamethoxazole combination, to cefalexin of 80%. The coagulase negative staphylococcus (SCN) group revealed good sensitivity to Cefalexin and Gentamicin of (87.5%) and acceptable sensitivity to Chloramphenicol, Neomycin of (75%) each. On the other hand, Enterobacteria showed excellent resistance to Ampicillin, Spiramycin and Penicillin 100% and acceptable resistance to Gentamycin (95.84%). Remarkable resistance has been observed on the following antibiotics : Ampicillin, Penicillin and Colistin. This remarkable resistance was noted in Staphylococci (100% for Staphylococcus aureus and 87.5% for SCN) and Enterobacteria. Given these results, suggestions were made for the treatment and prevention of subclinical mastitis on farms in the Poro region (northern Ivory Coast).
La tique Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) est un ectoparasite qui cause des dégâts importants dans les élevages de bovins en Côte d’Ivoire. Ce travail avait pour objectifs (i) de répertorier les acaricides distribués en Côte d’Ivoire pour le détiquage des bovins et (ii) d’évaluer le niveau de résistance-sensibilité de la tique R. (B.) microplus à la nouvelle game d’acaricides dans les élevages péri-urbains de bovins au sud de la Côte d’Ivoire, précisément dans la zone d’Azaguié où R. (B.) microplus a été découverte pour la première fois en Afrique de l’Ouest. La méthode de référence LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardisée par la FAO a été utilisée pour l’évaluation du niveau de résistance de cette tique invasive aux acaricides. Il ressort de l’étude que sept molécules acaricides sont officiellement commercialisés en Côte d’Ivoire pour le contrôle des tiques chez les bovins (Alphacyperméthrine, Cyperméthrine, Amitraz, Fluméthrine, Deltaméthrine, Fipronil et le Chlorpyriphos) sous divers noms commerciaux. Face aux échecs thérapeutiques recurents et aux plaintes des éleveurs, la nouvelle gamme d’acaricides proposée pour le détiquage des bovins est essentiellement constituée de produits à base de fipronil, de fluméthrine, de deltaméthrine ou de cyperméthrine associée au chlorpyriphos. Les resultats du LPT ont montré une variation de la résistance des populations de tiques R. (B.) microplus vis-à-vis d’un acaricide à l’autre. Les tiques ont présenté une résistance à la deltaméthrine et à la fluméthrine, mais un niveau de sensibilité acceptable (RR50<4) à l’association cyperméthrine-chlorpyriphos- butoxide de pipéronyl-citronnelle. The tick Rhipicephalus (Boophilus) microplus (Canestrini, 1887) is an ectoparasite that causes significant damage in cattle farms in Côte d'Ivoire. The objectives of this work were (i) to inventory the acaricides marketed in Côte d'Ivoire for tick control in cattle and (ii) to estimate the level of resistance-sensitivity of R. (B.) microplus to the new range of acaricides in peri-urban cattle farms in southern Côte d'Ivoire, precisely in the Azaguié area where R. (B.) microplus was first discovered in West Africa. The reference method LPT (Larval Packet Test) standardized by the FAO was used to estimate the level of resistance of this invasive tick to acaricides. It appears from the study that seven acaricidal molecules are officially marketed in Côte d'Ivoire for the control of ticks in cattle (Alphacypermethrin, Cypermethrin, Amitraz, Flumethrin, Deltamethrin, Fipronil and Chlorpyriphos) under various trade names. Faced with recurrent treatment failures and farmers' complaints, the new range of acaricides proposed for tick control in cattle mainly consists of products based on fipronil, flumethrin, deltamethrin or cypermethrin combined with chlorpyrifos. The LPT results showed a variation of the resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to one acaricide to another. The study showed a resistance of R. (B.) microplus tick populations to deltamethrin and flumethrin, but an acceptable level of R. (B.) microplus ticks susceptibility (RR50<4) to the association of acaricides (cypermethrin-chlorpyrifos-piperonyl butoxid-citronella).
In Abidjan, the economic capital of Cote dIvoire, chips of plantain banana are widely consumed foods. They are generally products of satisfactory quality regarding their cooking temperature in oil (200°C). However, the lack of hygiene during their packaging and display on roadsides can lead to a risk of bacterial contamination that may cause food poisoning. For contributing to the microbiological quality of these chips and guarantying the health of consumers, a search for faecal germs of contamination was carried out on these foods. The study was performed on 30 samples of plantain chips, including 15 ripe and 15 unripe, from 15 sellers randomly chosen in theCocody area. Microbiological standards were used to count the total flora, total coliforms, faecal coliforms and Escherichia coli likely to be present in these samples. The pH, moisture content and dry matter content also were measured. The experimentsrevealeda very satisfactory microbiological quality for all the samples of chips except 2 samples of unripe chips related to their very high load of faecal coliforms. The high dry matter rate (97.47 – 97.4%), slight acid pH (5.94 – 5.63) and low acidity rate (0.47 – 0.50 mEq/100g) of these samples facilitated contamination by faecal coliforms following a lack of hygiene of the saleswoman and her working environment. These results encourage the consumption of ripe chips as well as compliance with hygiene measures for reducing the exposure risk to food poisoning.
Today, the green pigeon (Treron calvus, TEMMINCK, 1811) holds an in-creasingly important place in the dietary habits of the populations of south-east of Côte d’Ivoire, especially those of Grand-Bassam. To provide food security to these customers a study was carried out. Objective: The current study is to identify the different protozoa and fungus that could po-tentially infect the green pigeon’s gut. Materials and Methods: The study was carried out on protozoa and digestive fungus in this species of pigeon in the south-east of Côte d’Ivoire. It has been carried out from November 2020 to February 2021. A total of sixty freshly dead pigeons, including 10 males and 50 females, have been bought in Grand-Bassam. After autopsy, the gut of each animal was preserved in formalin (10%) for a subsequent histopatho-logical examination. Results: The analysis of the results revealed the fol-lowing pathogen genus: Cryptosporidium spp, Histomonas spp, Toxoplasma gondii and Trichomonas spp for protozoa. Cryptococcus neoformans for fungus. The calculation of prevalence gave the following values: 63% [20; 40] for protozoa and 37% [10; 40] for fungus. Conclusion: The study showed that the intestine of the green pigeon of the Grand-Bassam region is infested by a range of pathogens. Namely: Cryptosporidium spp, Histomonas spp, Toxoplasma gondii, Trichonomas spp and Cryptococcus neoformans. Cryptococcus neoformans was the most common pathogen encountered in this study. Among these pathogens, some like Cryptococcus neoformans and Toxoplasma gondii are zoonosis. Thus, the present study deserves further investigation to know more about the nature of human infection in C?te d’Ivoire. Furthermore, given the diversity of digestive pathogens including zoonosis one, a reasonable recommendation to consumers would be stop eating the intestines.
