The Lille 2 University of Health and Law (French: Université Lille 2 : Droit et Santé) was a French university for health, sports, management and law. It was located in Lille and was part of the Community of Universities and Institutions (COMUE) Lille Nord de France.The University of Lille II inherits from the Faculty of Law established as the Université de Douai in 1559. After, sciences and technologies are taught in an independent campus of Université de Lille I - USTL, while literature and social sciences are taught as part of the independent campus of Université de Lille III - Charles de Gaulle. Altogether, the universities of Lille include more than 90,000 students and are the core parts of the European Doctoral College Lille-Nord-Pas de Calais that includes 3,000 PhD Doctorate students supported by university research laboratories.Henri Warembourg was president of this university. His son, Nicolas Warembourg, is professor of law in Sorbonne.Since 1970, the main campus of University de Lille II in situated in Ronchin, in the southern part of Lille.It includes At the beginning of 2018, the three universities of Lille (Lille 1, Lille 2, Lille 3) merged to form the University of Lille.
Wide and ultrawide bandgap semiconductors present novel opportunities for advancing power electronics, particularly in domains where high-voltage operation and elevated temperature stability are required. In this context, AlGaN/AlGaN heterostructures emerge as promising candidates due to their better intrinsic material properties compared to AlGaN/GaN heterostructures. Furthermore, the tunability of the aluminum molar fraction within AlGaN provides more possibilities for semiconductor engineering. This investigation focuses on evaluating the temperature operation of AlGaN channel high-electron mobility transistors grown on silicon substrates with different aluminum contents. The objective is to assess the thermal reliability of these devices for high-temperature power applications. The results highlight the low off-state current density, a more abrupt subthreshold slope, and a reduction in the temperature-induced decrease in on-state current density in Al-rich AlGaN channel high-electron mobility transistors grown on silicon substrates, positioning them as a promising solution for high-temperature power electronics.
The formation of an ohmic p-contact represents a critical step in the processing of GaN-based devices such as light-emitting diodes (LEDs). Thermal annealing in an O2-containing atmosphere at high temperature of a GaN/Ni–Au contact is mostly used today, while nonannealed contacts have been reported to provide much lower electrical performances. We experimentally evidence that the quality of the contact before annealing strongly depends on the nature of the Ni/GaN interface. Electrical results are correlated to microstructural and physicochemical analysis using high-resolution transmission scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive x-ray spectroscopy for this purpose. Using an annealed contact formed in standard conditions as a reference, we evidence from in situ treatment of the interface before metal evaporation that interfacial Ga-Oxide plays a detrimental role. We show that the metal evaporation conditions may strongly impact the physicochemical composition of the interface before annealing. We obtain nonannealed contact with electrical characteristics close to that of an annealed, standard one, using a reduced evaporation rate, in our evaporation conditions. This result is of interest for the processing of p-GaN contacts at a low thermal budget.
Nitrogen-polar (N-polar) AlGaN-channel high electron mobility transistors (HEMTs) offer a promising pathway to overcome the limitations of equivalent metal-polar (M-polar) devices, particularly the high contact resistance associated with increased aluminum content. In this work, we report the growth and fabrication of N-polar AlGaN-channel HEMTs on a silicon substrate by ammonia molecular beam epitaxy (NH3-MBE). N-polarity is achieved using an epitaxial NbN polarity-inversion layer, enabling the growth of a buffer stack with adequate structural and electrical quality. Two heterostructure designs are investigated. Capacitance-voltage and Hall measurements confirm the formation of a high-density two-dimensional electron gas with sheet carrier densities up to 2.4 & times;10(13) cm(-2). Owing to the elimination of the Al-rich barrier between the surface and the channel (present in M-polar configuration) and improving surface morphology, encouraging low-resistance Ohmic contacts are achieved, with contact resistance reduced below 1 Omega mm on the Al0.2Ga0.8N channel. These results demonstrate the viability of N-polar AlGaN-channel HEMTs on silicon and highlight their potential for next-generation ultra-wide-bandgap power devices on Si.
The exponential growth of scientific literature poses increasing challenges for evidence synthesis. Systematic reviews (SRs) usually rely on keyword-based database searches, which are limited by inconsistent terminology and indexing delays. Citation searching-identifying studies that cite or are cited by known relevant articles-offers a complementary route to uncover additional evidence but remains poorly automated and integrated into screening workflows. We developed BibliZap, an open-source, fully automated citation-searching tool built on Lens.org data, performing multi-level forward and backward citation searches with relevance-based ranking. Its performance was evaluated across 66 published SRs, comparing five approaches: (1) PubMed-only searches; (2) PubMed followed by BibliZap restricted to the top 500 ranked results; (3) PubMed followed by full BibliZap screening; and (4-5) two exploratory early-stop strategies where BibliZap was initiated after identifying the first or the first three PubMed relevant records. The primary outcome was sensitivity, with secondary assessments of screening workload and precision. When used after PubMed screening, BibliZap increased mean sensitivity from 75% to 97%, achieving complete recall in over half of the reviews. Screening only the top 500 outputs still allowed over 90% of reviews to reach or exceed 80% recall. BibliZap recovered a median of three additional included articles per review, not retrieved by PubMed, while adding a median of 6,450 additional records. Citation searching via BibliZap enhances the completeness of evidence retrieval in SRs based on restricted database searches and supports transparent, scalable workflows adaptable to rapid and exploratory review contexts.
Hypothesis Three-phase water contact angle is a key parameter in the stabilization of particle-stabilized foams and emulsions. Gas marbles, which are particle-stabilized bubbles suspended in gas phase, are expected to be similarly influenced by the three-phase water contact angle. We hypothesize that the ability of particles to form gas marbles is strongly dependent on this parameter. Experiments We investigated the ability of various edible particles with different sizes, shapes, and compositions to form gas marbles. For each particle, we examined gas marble formation, measured the three-phase water contact angle, and assessed the structure and stability of the resulting gas marbles. Findings Our results show that gas marble formation is critically dependent on the three-phase water contact angle on particles. Three distinct groups emerged: (1) Hydrophobic particles (high contact angle): No gas marble formation occurred, the air bubbles burst in the contact of the particles layer; (2) Highly hydrophilic particles (low contact angle) also failed to form gas marbles, as their strong affinity to water prevented stabilization at the air/water surface; (3) Moderately hydrophilic particles (intermediate contact angle) leading to successful gas marble formation. Our results indicate that an optimal range of three-phase water contact angle is essential for gas marbles formation whatever the particles size and shape. This study, for the first time, highlights the critical role of this parameter in the stabilization of gas marbles. The resulting gas marbles showed remarkable stability, including resistance to drying and heating and also mechanical resistance, highlighting their potential applications in edible materials.
