Maharashtra Institute of Technology, Aurangabad

The magnetic nanoparticles of Y3+ doped cobalt ferrite (CoFe2 − xYxO4, x = 0.00, 0.01, 0.02, 0.03, 0.04, 0.05) were synthesized by sol-gel auto combustion method using green synthesis approach by utilizing Piper Nigrum (black pepper) extract. The structural, surface, thermo-elastic and mechano-elastic properties were investigated using Rietveld X-ray diffraction analysis, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), Brunauer Emmitt Teller (BET) and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) techniques. The X-ray diffraction analysis confirmed the single phase production of the nanoparticles. The XRD patterns of all the samples were successfully refined using Rietveld analysis, yielding goodness-of-fit (χ2) values in the range of1.83-3.03.The average particle sizeobtained from histogram plots was in the range of 45 –47 nm. The surface area calculated through BET analysis was found to be 1.555 m2/g, 8.796 m2/g and 17.509 m2/g for x = 0.00, 0.03 and 0.05 respectively. The thermo-elastic properties namely Debye temperature found todecreases from 690 K to 675 K with Y3+ doping. The mechano-elastic properties such as Young’s modulus decreases from 149.31 GPa to 143.31 GPa, bulk modulus decreases from 106.11 GPa to 101.85 GPa, the modulus of rigidity decreases from 71.87 GPa to 68.98 GPa on doping Y3+ ions. However, thePoisson’s ratio remains almost constant to 0.224. Thus, the doping of Y3+ ions in cobalt ferrite strongly affects the structural, surface, thermo-elastic, mechano-elastic properties.

This is the study of CoFe2O4 and CoAl0.2Fe1.8O4 ferrite nanoparticles synthesized by sol–gel method, and their structural and magnetic properties with aluminum doping are studied here. Metal nitrates of high purity were used as chelating and polymerization agents along with citric acid and ethylene glycol for the synthesis. The insertion of Al3+ ions into the structure was confirmed by XRD in the present study, where values of lattice parameters decreased and crystallite size decreased. The FT-IR result indicated the same that the Al3+ ions sample has the better metal–oxygen bond. The SEM–EDS results indicated that the addition of Al3+ resulted in finer particles relative to the undoped sample. Saturation magnetization, Ms, was reduced from 80 emu/g to 70 emu/g; Hc was decreased to 650 Oe to 500 Oe; and the anisotropy constant K1 was decreased to 1.2 × 106 erg/cm3 to 9.5 × 105 erg/cm3 from VSM result confirming the lower magnetic hardness due to the Al3+ doping. Based on the study results, it is clear that the dope of the Al3+ donor has a dramatic effect on the properties of ferrite nanoparticles.

There is a growing interest in the extraction of high-value compounds in food processing and industrial applications due to a need to enhance the quality, nutritional aspect, and appeal of the final product. This review critically examines traditional and emerging extraction technologies against their efficiency, environmental sustainability, scalability, and stability of the compounds extracted. Advanced methods include pulsed electric field extraction, enzyme-assisted extraction, and microwave-assisted extraction whose application can enhance the bioavailability, oxidative stability, and antioxidant potential of bioactive compounds above traditional methods. Special attention is paid to innovative developments in methods of extraction and their specific applications in food additives and dietary supplements. We discuss the implications of these high technologies in current industry practice, health benefits for consumers, and in the environment with regard to sustainability, thus giving a preview of the transformative changes that will take place in extraction technologies in the food sector.

Introduction. Minimum Quantity Lubrication (MQL) is effectively employed as suitable cooling strategy. However, compared to flood cooling, which is widely used in the industry, MQL is characterized by a lower heat dissipation capacity. While thermal shock is reported in flood cooling, the use of MQL ensures a smoother chip removal and reduces the risk of thermal stress. Research methods. Within the scope of this study, experimental investigations were carried out on drilling of aluminum matrix composite (MMC) reinforced with silicon carbide (Al-SiC MMC) using AlCrN PVD-coated drills (drill diameter 8 mm). MMC samples were manufactured with varying volume fractions of SiC (10–30%). The aim of the experiments was to study the influence of non-edible vegetable oil with the addition of graphene oxide (used as a cutting fluid) on the drilling process of AlSiC MMC. The cutting speed (30–150 m/min), feed rate (0.05–0.25 mm/rev), volume fraction of SiC (10–30%), and MQL flow rate (60–180 ml/h) were selected as input process parameters. Their response parameters were cutting force, torque, surface roughness, hole circularity, and burr height during high-speed drilling of MMC. The undi (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil parameters were determined in accordance with the ASTM 6751 standard. The surface morphology and elemental analysis of graphene oxide were investigated using scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDAX). The purpose of the work. The use of nano-cutting fluid in combination with MQL is one of the promising approaches for further improving the characteristics of MQL, especially when drilling difficult-to-machine materials. The introduction of nanomaterials into MQL contributes to reducing friction at the tool-chip interface, which leads to a decrease in cutting temperature. These methods facilitate the machining of lightweight and difficult-to-machine materials, in particular, aluminum-based metal matrix composites (MMCs), which are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries. Results and Discussion. It was found that the use of graphene oxide nanoparticles dispersed in non-edible undi (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil represents a promising alternative to traditional cutting fluids in drilling MMC. The aim of the study was to develop semi-empirical models for predicting surface roughness and temperature for various compositions of MMC. Increased cutting efficiency is achieved by precisely determining the temperature in the machining zone. However, the practical determination of the cutting temperature in each specific case involves significant labor and financial costs. It was additionally found that graphene oxide nanoparticles mixed with non-edible undi (Calophyllum inophyllum) oil represent an effective alternative to traditional cutting fluids in drilling MMCs. The present work develops a comprehensive empirical formula for predicting the theoretical temperature and surface roughness. It was found that the majority of the power input into the machining process is transformed into thermal energy.

The global food system is increasingly vulnerable to climate change, biodiversity loss, and unsustainable practices, driving numerous plants, animals, fungi, and associated culinary traditions toward extinction. These endangered foods represent not only a loss of cultural heritage but also a critical diminishment of genetic and nutritional diversity essential for robust and resilient food systems. This systematic review, conducted in accordance with PRISMA guidelines, started with 412 records, 85 studies met the inclusion criteria, focusing on the role of neglected and underutilized species in food security, their drivers of decline, and related conservation policies. Our analysis, framed by the FAO’s four pillars of food security, demonstrates that endangered foods are vital for availability (providing climate-resilient genetic diversity), access (offering affordable nutrition), utilization (supplying unique micronutrients and bioactive compounds), and stability (buffering against production shocks). However, their potential is undermined by climate change, agricultural modernization favoring monocultures, socio-cultural erosion, and significant policy gaps. Case studies from Peru, West Africa, and the Pacific illustrate both the successful integration of these foods into security strategies and the persistent challenges of funding, market access, and infrastructure. The conservation and revitalization of endangered foods are imperative for achieving sustainable food systems and global nutritional resilience. This review concludes that effective integration requires a multi-faceted approach: strengthening seed sovereignty and agroecology, developing technology-enabled value chains, promoting food literacy, and implementing coherent policy frameworks that align conservation efforts with the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), particularly SDG 2 (Zero Hunger), SDG 12 (Responsible Consumption and Production), and SDG 15 (Life on Land).