Hochschild homology is a classical invariant of rings that plays an important role because of its connection to algebraic K-theory via the Dennis trace. At level zero, the Dennis trace is induced by the Hattori-Stallings trace. In this paper, we introduce new algebraic K-theories of coalgebras and obtain coalgebraic refinements of the Hattori-Stallings trace that connect these algebraic K-theories to coHochschild homology (the invariant analogous to Hochschild homology but for coalgebras). We employ bicategorical methods of Ponto to show that coHochschild homology is a shadow. Consequently, we obtain that coHochschild homology is Morita-Takeuchi invariant.
The formation of calcified skeletons is crucial for the development, physiology, and ecology of many marine metazoans. The evolutionary origins of the genetic toolkit required for biocalcification are widely debated. MSP130 proteins, originally identified through their expression specifically by sea urchin skeletal cells, have been hypothesized to have been acquired by metazoans from bacteria through horizontal gene transfer. Here, we provide support for a horizontal gene transfer-based origin of metazoan MSP130 proteins by conducting phylogenetic and in silico protein analyses utilizing high-quality genomes. We show that msp130 genes underwent duplications within almost all biocalcifying bilaterian phyla and identify highly conserved intron-exon junctions specific to bilaterian msp130 genes. The absence of MSP130 proteins in calcifying, nonbilaterian metazoans and other basal eukaryotes suggests that an ancestral msp130 gene underwent a horizontal gene transfer event that predates bilaterians, but not metazoans. We report striking structural similarities between bilaterian and bacterial MSP130 proteins, with each containing a seven-bladed, barrel-like motif that encompasses a choice-of-anchor domain, and identify highly conserved, predicted Ca2+-binding sites associated with the barrels. These findings point to a conserved, ancient function for MSP130 proteins in biocalcification and support the view that lateral transfer of bacterial genes supported the appearance of calcified animal skeletons.
In this pilot study, we introduce a novel approach for the upper airway acoustic modelling aimed at developing a patient-specific transfer function of the upper airway. We modelled the upper airway as an acoustic filter, and hypothesized the parameters of such model would correlate with the anatomical features. The method involved generating a signal with known frequency characteristics at the mouth while recording the output at the suprasternal notch. Five distinct protocols were tested, and a consistency study was conducted to identify the most suitable protocol. The protocols varied in terms of input sound type and breathing maneuvers. Ten healthy subjects participated in this pilot study over three days with four recordings per day. The results indicated that the most consistent protocol utilizing white noise as the input sound while the participant breathed passively. The standard error of the difference between the detected peak frequencies was less than 10
Hylomorphists claim that substances-human beings, oak trees, chemical compounds-are compounds of matter and form. If a house is a substance, then its matter would be some bricks and timbers and its form the structure those bricks and timbers take on. While hylomorphism is traditionally presented as a theory of change, it only treats the coming-to-be and passing-away of matter-form compounds. But many hylomorphists understand forms to be entities in their own right, as parts or constituents of substances. So, a neglected question arises: how, when, and from where do forms come to be? I take up the view of one prominent and representative hylomorphist, Kathrin Koslicki, and argue that she cannot answer these questions satisfactorily. I close with a proposal for an account of the generation of forms based on machinery many hylomorphists already accept, namely, causal powers, that points to a deflationary metaphysics of form.
