An orthoset is a non-empty set X together with a symmetric binary relation 1 and a constant 0 such that x 1/ x for any x =/ 0, and 01 x for any x. Maps f : X-* Y and g: Y-* X between orthosets are said to form an adjoint pair if, for any x E X and y E Y, f (x) 1 y is equivalent to x 1 g(y). Hilbert spaces, equipped with the usual orthogonality relation and the zero vector, provide the motivating examples of orthosets. The usual adjoints of bounded linear maps between Hilbert spaces are adjoints also in our sense. We investigate dagger categories of orthosets and maps between them, requiring that any morphism and its dagger form an adjoint pair. We indicate conditions under which such a category is unitarily dagger equivalent to a dagger category of complex Hilbert spaces and bounded linear maps. (c) 2026 The Author(s). Published by Elsevier Inc. This is an open access article under the CC BY license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).
Chromatographic separations of the EtOH extract prepared from the whole plant of Cynanchica bornmuelleri yielded 13 secondary metabolites, including seven iridoid glycosides, morindalin A (1), geniposidic acid (2), asperulosidic acid (3), asperulosidic acid methyl ester (4), deacetylasperulosidic acid (5), scandoside (6), and asperuloside (7), two flavonoid glycosides, vicenin 2 (8) and rutin (9), one dihydrochalcone glycoside, 3 ',5 '-di-C-(1-glucopyranosylphloretin (10), one neolignan glycoside, dehydroconiferyl alcohol 4-O-(1-glucopyranoside (11), one caffeoylquinic acid, chlorogenic acid (12), as well as a triterpene, ursolic acid (13). Their structures were characterized by 1D and 2D NMR and HRMS analyses. Compound 1 is a rare type of iridoid glycoside featuring a double bond between C-6 and C-7 in the cyclopentane ring. The crude extract, solvent fractions, and isolated compounds were evaluated for their in vitro anti-inflammatory activities in LPS-stimulated THP1-BlueTM NF-kappa B cells, using prednisolone as a positive control. Although the n-BuOH fraction exhibited remarkable NF-kappa B inhibitory activity (reducing NF-kappa B activity to 61%), the purified compounds (1-13) did not exert significant effects at the tested concentrations. This work represents the first report on the phytochemical composition and bioactivity of C. bornmuelleri, an endemic species to T & uuml;rkiye. The chemotaxonomic importance of isolates was also discussed.
Background Functional Motor Disorders (FMDs) are increasingly recognized in pediatrics, yet prognostic indicators remain poorly characterized. We examined clinical and health-care variables associated with one-year clinical outcomes. Methods This retrospective study included 72 patients aged 9-18 years diagnosed with FMD at two tertiary pediatric hospitals in Italy and the Czech Republic between 2019 and 2023, with at least 6 months of follow-up and two valid Simplified Functional Movement Disorders Rating Scale assessments. Demographic and clinical features, referral history, therapy type and timing, and Simplified Functional Movement Disorders Rating Scale scores were analyzed at baseline, 6, and 12 months. Results Overall, 69.4% were female, and mean symptom-onset age was 13.5 ± 1.99 years. Motor severity improved from baseline (10.25) to 12 months (3.55; P < 0.001), with 43.1% achieving remission. Longer symptom duration was independently associated with higher severity at baseline (β = 1.19, P = 0.021), 6 months (β = 2.07, P < 0.001), and 12 months (β = 1.79, P < 0.001). More prior referrals independently predicted higher 12-month severity (β = 1.00, P = 0.047). Longer time to FMD-directed treatment was associated with higher follow-up severity and a different symptom trajectory (Time × treatment timing: P = 0.007). Trajectories did not consistently differ by sex or symptom phenotype. Conclusions Longer symptom duration, more previous referrals, and delayed treatment were associated with greater one-year motor severity. These findings underscore the prognostic relevance of symptom duration and the potential importance of timely access to care, although prospective studies are needed to establish causality.
The freeze-like response is a fundamental defensive mechanism that remains poorly understood despite its potential to impair functioning under acute threat. We examined its biological correlates using untargeted serum proteomics in participants exposed to ecologically valid simulated armed attacks, comparing untrained individuals (n = 20) with experienced police rapid response personnel (n = 20). Freeze-like responses, characterized by unresponsiveness to attack, were assessed via expert video analysis of participant performance during the scenarios. Serum samples collected before and after threat exposure were analyzed via LC‒MS/MS, identifying 1,238 protein groups. Experienced personnel demonstrated markedly greater resistance to freeze-like responses. No significant proteomic changes were observed from pre- to post-exposure in either group, suggesting that freeze-resistance may be associated with stable, trait-like signatures rather than acute stress-responsive processes. Weighted gene co-expression network analysis identified a module strongly correlated with freeze-resistance (r = 0.75, p = 4 × 10−9) and training status (r = 0.71, p = 6 × 10−8), which also correlated with skeletal muscle mass (r = 0.57, p = 8 × 10−5). This module was enriched for processes including extracellular matrix organization, muscle development, carbohydrate metabolism, and antioxidant activity. These molecular patterns may reflect the downstream effects of comprehensive training that integrates physical conditioning, operational experience, and psychological preparation. This study provides the first proteomic characterization of freeze-like response resistance under realistic threat conditions, supporting the view that resilience involves stable physiological adaptations rather than solely reactive stress mechanisms.
Civically active people online are usually more prone to careless information sharing. Thus, although usually framed positively, the youth civic engagement can also result in the sharing of potentially harmful content. However, the evidence on underage social media users is limited. This paper focuses on two factors that can potentially influence online behavior: one through well-being, and the second through information navigation and processing digital literacy. A three-wave random intercept cross-lagged panel model was employed, and the analyses were conducted on adolescents (Mage = 14.3; N = 2660) from Estonia, Germany, Italy, Poland, and Portugal. The data was collected between Spring 2021 and Spring 2023. Between-person associations between online civic engagement and well-being, and between online civic engagement and information navigation and processing literacy, were supported. This means more engaged adolescents are also more dissatisfied and have higher digital literacy, corroborating the existing literature. There were only limited within-person associations between careless sharing and information navigation and processing literacy; however, none of them supported the proposed associations.
