Medical University of Sofia

Objective Almost 70 years ago, Osborne described a fibrous band, Osborne’s ligament, stretching between the humeral and ulnar heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris, which forms the cubital tunnel’s roof. Prior to this account, this ligament had received limited attention in the anatomical literature and had been poorly studied. Therefore, the present anatomical study was performed to better elucidate this structure. Methods thirty adult anatomical donors (60 sides) underwent dissection of the medial aspect of the elbow with a focus on Osborne’s ligament. Identified ligaments were documented, classified, and measured. Additionally, histological evaluation of these structures was performed. Results osborne’s ligaments were identified on 49 sides (81.7

Total hip arthroplasty (THA) presents unique technical challenges in patients who have morbid obesity, and benefits of imageless navigation in this population remain unclear. This study compared complications, thromboembolic events, and emergency department utilization between imageless navigation-assisted and manual THA in patients who have morbid obesity. A retrospective cohort study was performed using the PearlDiver database. Patients who have morbid obesity (BMI ≥ 40) undergoing elective primary THA between 2010 and 2021 were identified. Cases performed with robotic assistance or image-based navigation were excluded. Patients were stratified by intraoperative technique into manual and imageless navigation cohorts and matched 1:3 on age, sex, year of procedure, and comorbidities. Surgical complications, thromboembolic events, revision procedures, and emergency department visits were evaluated at multiple postoperative time points and compared using univariable regression. After matching, 4,499 patients who have morbid obesity were included, comprising 3,367 manual (74.8

This update and revision of the international guideline for urticaria was developed in accordance with the methods recommended by Cochrane and the Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) working group. It is an initiative of the Global Allergy and Asthma Excellence Network (GA2LEN) and its Urticaria and Angioedema Centers of Reference and Excellence (UCAREs and ACAREs), with the participation of 210 delegates from 107 national and international societies, from 59 countries. The consensus conference was held on December 6th, 2024. This guideline was acknowledged and accepted by the European Union of Medical Specialists (UEMS). Urticaria is a frequent, mast cell-driven disease, defined by a rapid appearance of wheals, angioedema, or both. The lifetime prevalence of acute urticaria is estimated to be approximately 20%. Chronic urticaria, categorized as either chronic spontaneous urticaria or chronic inducible urticaria, is disabling, impairs quality of life, and affects performance at work and school, however, novel therapies are available. This updated version of the international guideline for urticaria covers the definition and classification of urticaria and outlines expert-guided and evidence-based diagnostic and therapeutic approaches for the different subtypes of urticaria.

The present Research Topic consists of twenty articles: 3 systematic reviews with meta-analysis, 3 reviews, and 14 original research articles. These articles provide a diverse range of innovative viewpoints on the significance of comprehending the genetic, molecular, and cellular mechanisms associated with gastrointestinal complications and diseases. Such understanding has the potential to guide the advancement of therapies in areas where clinical problems remain unsolved.Regarding cellular and molecular mechanisms, Sui C et al. examined the relationship between various immune cells and postoperative ileus, aiming to provide potential therapeutic solutions for this unresolved clinical issue. Jiang N et al. analyzed the potential antifibrotic effects of salvianolic acid B in autophagy in liver fibrosis. Their findings revealed that inducing TGF-β1 resulted in a significant increase in autophagosome formation and autophagic flux in different molecular cascades. Another original research studied by Jia Q et al. demonstrated the in vivo efficacy of hesperidin in promoting gastric motility in rats with functional dyspepsia, suggesting a potential treatment approach for this condition.Screening and early detection are among the primary priorities of the current European anticancer plan and should be implemented at the national level (Pana et al., 2023)

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a heterogeneous neurodegenerative disorder in which oxidative stress represents a final common pathway linking diverse genetic and environmental insults to dopaminergic neuron loss. This review synthesizes evidence on how the commonly observed pathological changes in PD converge on excessive reactive oxygen species generation and redox imbalance. We present an overview on these pathways and key PD-linked genes that perturb mitochondrial quality control, lysosomal function, and inflammatory signaling, reinforcing oxidative stress. The major classes of redox-targeted therapeutic strategies under preclinical and clinical evaluation are outlined. Although many candidates show robust target engagement and neuroprotection in models, clinical trials have frequently yielded neutral or modest results, highlighting challenges related to brain delivery, off-target effects, optimal treatment window, and the fact that oxidative stress alone may be necessary but not sufficient to drive human disease progression. In the current paper, beyond cataloguing oxidative pathways, we explain the role of etiologic heterogeneity on biochemical target engagement and clinical outcomes. We outline subtype-enriched trial strategies and rational combination approaches. Targeting oxidative stress-related pathways thus remains a promising avenue for disease modification in PD, provided that future interventions are mechanistically informed and adapted to patient-specific redox vulnerabilities.