Naogaon Medical College is a government medical college in Naogaon, Bangladesh, founded in 2018 and affiliated with Rajshahi Medical University. The class of the first batch of 50 students was commenced on January 10, 2019, on its temporary campus of Naogaon Sadar Hospital..
Background. Rajshahi City is transitioning from arsenic-affected groundwater to Padma River water via a new surface water treatment plant (SWTP) at Balurghat, Godagari. Riverside communities in the intake catchment use it untreated for drinking, bathing and irrigation, yet the risk has never been quantified. Methods. We conducted a stochastic quantitative microbial risk assessment using 52 near-weekly total coliform measurements collected at the SWTP intake over July 2023–July 2024. Because 36 were right-censored, a lognormal distribution was fitted by maximum likelihood. Escherichia coli was estimated from total coliform, and rotavirus, Campylobacter and Cryptosporidium concentrations from WHO indicator:pathogen ratios. Five exposure scenarios were simulated by Monte Carlo (100,000 iterations), with burden expressed as disability-adjusted life years per person per year (DALY pppy). Results. The fitted geometric mean was 4,393 CFU/100 mL, monsoon concentrations being 61 times dry-season values. Drinking 1 L/day untreated gave 1.49 × 10⁻² DALY pppy, about 14,900 times the WHO tolerable burden of 10⁻⁶; children drinking 0.5 L/day were similarly affected. Bathing and domestic contact (2.51–3.91 × 10⁻³) and raw-water-irrigated vegetables (4.46 × 10⁻⁴ DALY pppy) exceeded the benchmark by three orders of magnitude. Rotavirus contributed >97% of burden. Meeting the WHO drinking-water target requires ≥5.23 log₁₀ virus, 2.71 log₁₀ bacterial and 0.91 log₁₀ protozoan reduction. Conclusions. Untreated Padma River water at the Godagari intake poses unacceptable risk by every modelled exposure route. The derived log-reduction targets provide a verifiable performance specification for the SWTP, and persistent non-drinking exposures indicate that piped supply alone will not protect riverside communities.
ABSTRACT Background Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a rapidly growing public health crisis in Bangladesh, where an estimated 13.1 million adults were living with the condition in 2021, with projections suggesting this figure will nearly 22.3 million by 2045. Poor medication adherence and impaired health-related quality of life (HRQoL) are recognized consequences of long-term T2DM management, yet data from northwestern Bangladesh remain scarce. This study aimed to assess treatment adherence, HRQoL and identify their associated factors among T2DM patients in Rajshahi, Bangladesh. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional study between January and December 2021 among 205 T2DM patients from two tertiary-level hospitals in Rajshahi. Treatment adherence was assessed using the eight-item Morisky Medication Adherence Scale (MMAS-8), and HRQoL was measured using the EuroQol-5 Dimensions Questionnaire (EQ-5D-5L). Results The mean age of participants was 54.43 (±10.75) years; 50.73% were female. The majority (85.85%) had HbA1c ≥6.5%, reflecting widespread poor glycaemic control. Regarding treatment adherence, 40.98% of patients had low adherence, 26.83% had medium adherence, and 32.19% had high adherence. In terms of HRQoL, only 6.83% were in perfect health state, while 52.68% had slight/moderate problems and 40.49% had severe/extreme problems across EQ-5D-5L domains. The association between treatment adherence and HRQoL was not statistically significant (p=0.265). Multiple regression analysis (Adjusted R²=0.620) identified diabetic complications, illiteracy, primary education, female gender, higher BMI, joint family type, treatment adherence, older age, and two antidiabetic medications as significant predictors of poorer HRQoL, while urban residence and family history of DM were independently associated with better HRQoL. Conclusions A substantial proportion of T2DM patients exhibited low treatment adherence and markedly impaired HRQoL. While adherence and HRQoL were not directly associated, diabetic complications emerged as the strongest independent predictor of poor quality of life. These findings highlight the urgent need for multidisciplinary interventions to prevent complications in this population.
Introduction: Anemia is a significant global child health problem affecting all stages of human life.It adversely affects child’s cognition, physical growth and development which in turn reduce work capacity and educational performances. South -East Asia having the second highest prevalence of anemia after Africa. Many factors are associated with anemia in children but iron deficiency is the most common among them. Objectives: The study was conducted to determine the prevalence of anemia among children 6-59months who attended at out-patient department of 250 bed general hospital, Naogaon with common illness. Materials and Methods: A cross sectional type of descriptive study was done among 369 children aged 6 months to 59 months who attended at out -patient department of 250 bed general hospital, Naogaon during the period from December 2024 to August 2025 with the complaints of common illness like fever, cough, diarrhea, loss of appetite or not growing well etc. Children found to be anemic clinically and interested to be included in this study were enrolled. Prevalence of anemia was determined. Results: Anemia was detected in 251(68.0%) children, of which 66.5% were boys and 33.5% girls. Children lives in rural areas suffer from more anemia (76.0%) than urban areas (24.0%).Mild anemia(56.6%) was predominate than moderate (42.2%) and severe (1.2%).Age group 24-59months constituted the majority(54.5%) of the children of which 48.6% were found anemic .Most common presenting complaints were fever 103(27.9%) followed by cough 67(18.2%),loss of appetite 56(15.2%),not growing well 30(8.1%),diarrhea 25(6.8%) and others 88(23.8%). Out of 103 febrile patients, anemia were detected in 75 (72.8%) cases (P<0.05). Conclusion: Anemia prevalence among children aged 6-59 months attended at out-patients department of 250 bed general hospital, Naogaon is high. According to WHO it is considered as a severe public health problem and needs interventions to address the existed problem.
Background: Dermatophytosis remains a widespread dermatological burden in South Asia, and rising antifungal resistance among Trichophyton species now threatens the reliability of first-line oral regimens across the region. Objective: This study characterised in vitro antifungal susceptibility patterns and corresponding clinical treatment outcomes among culture-confirmed dermatophytosis patients attending a tertiary hospital in Joypurhat. Methods: A hospital-based cross-sectional study enrolled 216 patients with clinicoetiologically confirmed dermatophytosis at the Department of Dermatology and Venereology, 400-Bedded General Hospital, Joypurhat, between January 2024 and June 2025. Direct microscopy, fungal culture, and broth microdilution-based minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) testing against itraconazole, terbinafine, fluconazole, and griseofulvin were performed, and patients were followed through completion of prescribed antifungal therapy; data were analysed in SPSS v26.0. Results: The cohort comprised 110 men (50.9%) and 106 women (49.1%), mean age 41.6 ± 14.0 years. Tinea corporis (32.9%) and tinea cruris (24.5%) predominated, and 128 patients (59.3%) had a history of topical corticosteroid misuse (tinea incognito). Trichophyton mentagrophytes/interdigitale complex was the leading isolate (57.4%), followed by T. rubrum (27.3%). In vitro sensitivity was preserved for itraconazole in 193 isolates (89.4%) and for terbinafine in 189 isolates (87.5%), while 13 isolates (6.0%) were itraconazole-resistant and 24 (11.1%) showed a terbinafine intermediate/resistance trend. Complete clinical and mycological cure was achieved in 178 patients (82.4%; 95% CI 77.3–87.5%), partial response in 28 (13.0%), and treatment failure in 10 (4.6%). Cure rates did not differ significantly by prior steroid misuse (67/88 [76.1%] vs 111/128 [86.7%]; χ2 = 3.33, p = 0.068) or by prescribed regimen (χ2 = 3.19, p = 0.363). Adverse events or early recurrence occurred in 7 patients (3.24%). Conclusion: Itraconazole and terbinafine retain high in vitro activity against dermatophytes in this Joypurhat cohort, and outcome-based regimen selection remains clinically justified, though emerging resistant subsets warrant continued mycological surveillance.
Abstract Background: Oral cancer is a significant global health concern, often diagnosed at advanced stages with poor prognosis and high mortality rates. Early detection of malignant and premalignant oral lesions is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This observational study aims to identify specific regions of oral lesions for histopathological diagnosis and assess the correlation between toluidine blue dye uptake in oral tissues and histopathological findings in premalignant and cancerous lesions. Methods: A total of 216 cases of oral lesions were selected based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria without restrictions on age, gender, religion, or socioeconomic status. Patients were identified through medical records and clinical investigations, focusing on individuals with nonhealing oral ulcers persisting for over three weeks without a prior clinical diagnosis of oral cancer. Only toluidine blue-positive cases were considered for further examination. Histopathological analyses were performed on toluidine blue-positive areas to determine the presence of premalignant and malignant lesions. Results: Among the 216 cases, histopathological findings revealed 98 cases of hyperplastic epithelium, 14 cases of verrucous carcinoma, 34 cases of premalignant lesions, 12 cases of dysplasia, and 58 cases of squamous cell carcinoma (SCC). The toluidine blue dye demonstrated a 100% staining response rate, with an 86.2% accuracy in detecting carcinoma and a 15.7% accuracy for premalignant lesions. A significant histopathological difference was observed between oral potentially malignant lesions and SCC. Conclusion: The findings indicate that toluidine blue dye can enhance the early detection of malignant and premalignant oral lesions, improving diagnostic accuracy compared to traditional visual or therapeutic approaches. This method can aid clinicians in identifying high-risk oral lesions promptly, potentially improving patient outcomes.
