Argument visualization is widely taken up in higher education as a way to help students reason and write more effectively. We seek to examine the overall effect of argument visualization on student achievement, the moderating role of learner characteristics and instructional characteristics, and the teaching implications for higher education. Following PRISMA guidelines, we synthesized 14 studies (k = 20 effect sizes, N = 1455) using random-effects models, Hedges’ g, moderator analyses, and publication bias assessments (Egger’s test, trim-and-fill). The unadjusted overall effect was large (g = 1.594, 95
Positioning-shift failure is a major defect in wafer-handling robot arms that adversely affects the yield of semiconductor fabrication. This failure is often associated with wear on the belt teeth, which may lead to undesired slippage or sudden movements between the belt and gear. Coupled with potential self-correction during subsequent pick-up tasks, its intermittent nature poses challenges for testing and validation by robot manufacturers or in the laboratory. In this study, a real-time prognostic framework was developed for wafer-handling robot arms by integrating CCD-based eccentricity monitoring, temporal feature extraction, stacked LSTM prediction, and edge-enabled online deployment. The framework predicts the maximum eccentric quantity in the subsequent 1-min operating interval and supports online warning generation for operation-oriented failure prevention. The prediction results were in close agreement with the measured values, and the developed model maintained high predictive accuracy over extended operating periods. The platform also successfully updated monitoring information after each prediction cycle and automatically issued warning messages when the predicted eccentricity reached or exceeded the predefined warning threshold.
To evaluate the efficiency, predictability, and residual astigmatism between first- and second-generation keratorefractive lenticule extraction (KLEx) surgeries in a prominent astigmatism population. A retrospective cohort study was conducted, and individuals who underwent first- and second-generation KLEx surgeries were enrolled. A total of 31 and 35 eyes were categorized into first and second KLEx groups, respectively. Visual acuity, refraction, topographic parameters, and surgical indices were recorded. Independent t tests were used to compare the postoperative uncorrected distance visual acuity (UDVA), spherical equivalent (SE), and residual astigmatism between the two groups. The difference in UDVA was not significant three months after KLEx surgery (P = 0.509), and the SEs three months after surgery also presented similar values between the two groups (P = 0.552). The first KLEx group demonstrated greater residual astigmatism than did the second KLEx group throughout the three-month follow-up period (all P < 0.05). The values of surgically induced astigmatism (SIA), difference vector (DV), magnitude of error (ME) and correction index (CoI) were significantly better in the second KLEx group via vector analysis (all P < 0.05). Old age, high steep keratometry (K), high topographic cylinder, large angle kappa, and a small optic zone were correlated with greater residual astigmatism in the first KLEx group (all P < 0.05), whereas only a small optic zone was significantly correlated with greater residual astigmatism in the second KLEx group (P = 0.047). The second-generation KLEx is correlated with a lower risk of residual astigmatism.
This article proposes zoom-equivariant Lipschitz prototype hypothesis (ZELPHA), a unified framework for robust remote sensing (RS) scene classification under scale variations. The method integrates scale-equivariant representation learning with Lipschitz-constrained stability and prototype-based classification to achieve consistent cross-scale feature representations. Theoretical analysis establishes stability properties, while experiments on benchmark datasets demonstrate improved robustness, especially under small-scale conditions. Compared with single-technique approaches, the joint design provides better cross-scale consistency and generalization across varying imaging resolutions. The results indicate that ZELPHA offers an effective and practical solution for handling scale variability in real-world RS applications.
This study presents the fabrication of SnO2-TiO2 compact layers (CLs) by electrochemical deposition (ECD) to enhance the photovoltaic performance of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). Incorporating Sn into TiO2 CLs significantly improved carrier transport and effectively passivated intrinsic TiO2 defects. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy revealed that SnO2 doping suppressed Ti3+/Ti2+ states and increased the proportion of stable Ti4+, while high-resolution TEM confirmed the conformal growth of uniform composite films. The optimized SnO2-TiO2 CL reduced charge transport time from 16.46 ms to 3.45 ms, extended electron lifetime as verified by open-circuit voltage decay analysis, and improved device efficiency from 4.19% to 6.13%. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy further demonstrated reduced interfacial resistance and enhanced electron collection. These results indicate that ECD-fabricated SnO2-TiO2 CLs simultaneously offer high conductivity and defect passivation, providing a cost-effective and scalable strategy for advancing DSSC performance and other optoelectronic semiconductor devices.
