Hypercritical fallback accretion can advect the surface magnetic field of a newborn neutron star into the newly accreted outer layers. Before this material joins the solid crust and enters the Hall-Ohmic regime, part of it may remain hot, dense, and liquid. This short-lived fluid stage may support turbulent magnetic amplification. We test whether a small-scale dynamo (SSD) can be activated under thermodynamic conditions of the liquid post-hypercritical layer. We quantify the associated growth rates, amplification factors, and saturation levels, adopting a matter density ρ0=1010 g cm−3 and a temperature T0=2×109 K. We perform six local 3D resistive MHD simulations with flash 4.7 in a (100 m)3 periodic domain with externally forced subsonic turbulence. The reference model uses the Helmholtz equation of state (EOS) and neutrino cooling. Three runs with a 1283 mesh resolution vary the magnetic Reynolds number (Rm ∼ 700–3700), two control runs isolate the effect of the EOS and neutrino cooling, and one 2563 resolution run tests the robustness of the reference case. For Rm ∼ 700–3700, the magnetic field grows exponentially from B0=1012 G and saturates at Bsat ∼ 3–7 × 1013 G within millisecond timescales. The saturated magnetic energy remains sub-equipartition, with a magnetic-to-kinetic energy ratio fsat=Emag/Ekin≈0.2–0.3, consistent with an SSD behavior at magnetic Prandtl number Pm ∼ 1. The results of the 1283 and 2563 reference runs agree to within a few percent. Neutrino cooling does not affect the dynamics over the simulated time, and the choice of EOS changes the dynamo metrics only weakly in the subsonic regime explored here. These simulations show that a forced local SSD can operate efficiently in a liquid post-hypercritical accretion layer. Further simulations in a stratified, decaying post-fallback flow over the lifetime and energy reservoir of the inherited turbulence are needed for assessing the global model of magnetic reemergence and amplification.
Conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of agricultural systems frequently utilize mass-based functional units, neglecting the consideration of product quality integration. This study aims to address this gap by integrating agronomic productivity, bioactive quality (pungency), and environmental footprint into a unified LCA framework for Rocoto chili cultivation. The study will employ primary high-fidelity experimental data for the LCA to ensure attributable comparisons between eight different cultivation scenarios. An attributional LCA was conducted between scenarios in accordance with ISO 14040-44 standards. A 2³ factorial design was employed to evaluate eight scenarios, combining low-tech greenhouse (LGT) /open-field cultivation, normal/stress irrigation, and biochar/conventional fertilization. The system boundaries followed a cradle-to-gate approach, encompassing seedling production through harvest. The primary inventory data were derived from a one-year controlled field experiment. The environmental impacts were assessed in SimaPro, with a functional unit based on a pungency of 70,000 SHU. The yield was measured at the time of harvest. The quantification of capsaicinoid content was performed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The findings of this study demonstrate that conventional LTG cultivation with standard irrigation techniques achieved the highest yield, measuring 22.19 tons per hectare, but a weaker pungency of 69,457 SHU. In contrast, the organic LTG system with biochar and conventional irrigation methods yielded fruits with the highest pungency (125,601 SHU) and a substantial yield of 16.80 tons per hectare. This system also exhibited the lowest environmental impact in five of six assessed categories, including climate change (0.092 kg CO₂ eq/FU). The utilization of biochar in these systems has been demonstrated to result in a consistent reduction of environmental loads. Conversely, open-field conditions have demonstrated a tendency to yield suboptimal outcomes, exhibiting reduced yields and pungency results when compared to LTG systems. This study establishes that the environmental sustainability of Rocoto cultivation is governed by system choice and nutrient management. The organic LTG system with biochar emerged as the best strategy, balancing high quality with reduced environmental footprint. Crucially, employing a pungency-based functional unit redefined environmental efficiency, demonstrating that prioritizing product quality transforms Life Cycle Assessments. This integrated approach provides a transformative framework for high-value crop production.
Mangrove ecosystems provide crucial ecological services but face threats from climate change and unsustainable resource use. This highlights the need for science-based forest management initiatives. Cispatá Bay, located in the Colombian Caribbean, hosts the country’s only mangrove under a regulated sustainable use model. Yet, current management guidelines rely on generalized silvicultural criteria, such as a uniform minimum logging diameter (MLD) of 10 cm and a 14 year cutting cycle (CC), which do not reflect species-specific growth dynamics, potentially compromising sustainability. This study aims to improve sustainable forest management in Cispatá Bay by developing species-specific growth models for Rhizophora mangle, a dominant and heavily harvested species. We introduce a novel methodological framework for sustainable forest management in mangrove ecosystems, integrating dendrochronology and biometric modeling to derive ecological management parameters. We combined tree-ring data from 26 dead individuals with forest inventory measurements and applied nonlinear mixed-effects modeling, accounting for autocorrelation and growth eccentricity. The resulting models yielded biologically meaningful ontogenetic traits, including a maximum mean diameter (Amax) of 40.35 cm, a weighted average growth rate (WAGR) of 0.42 cm year⁻1, a lifespan (tspan) of 95.12 years, and a halflife (t0.5) of 41.09 years. Additionally, we estimated an MLD of 24 cm and a CC of 20 years—both substantially higher than current thresholds. These findings suggest that continued application of generalized metrics may compromise forest regeneration, reduce volume recovery, and undermine long-term sustainability. By integrating dendrochronological techniques with biometric modeling, this research provides a replicable framework for evidence-based forest governance in mangroves.
Microplastic (MP) pollution poses a critical threat to marine ecosystems, yet knowledge of organ-specific accumulation in fish from the Colombian Caribbean remains limited. This study presents the first assessment of MPs in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) and gills of three fish species collected from the Caribbean Sea (Magdalena, Colombia) during rainy and dry seasons. MPs were detected in all GIT samples and in 96
Ketoconazole is an antifungal agent effective against Candida spp., Histoplasma capsulatum, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Coccidioides immitis, and dermatophytes. The low solubility of a drug in water has a very important impact on reduced absorption in the gastrointestinal tract, low bioavailability, the need for higher doses, delayed onset of action, limitations in administration routes, and its therapeutic potential. This study examined the solubility of ketoconazole in binary mixtures of polyethylene glycol 600 (PEG 600) and water over 298.2–323.2 K using the shake-flask method. Saturated concentrations were determined by UV spectrophotometry at 246 nm. Experimental solubility data were analyzed using several mathematical models, including Jouyban–Acree, van’t Hoff, CNIBS/R–K, Mixture Response Surface (MRS), and λh (Buchowski–Ksiazczak) equations, with mean relative deviation percentage (MRD
