Objective To conduct a systematic review of complete economic evaluations related to malaria vaccines. Methods The review was conducted using articles from PubMed, EMBASE, Latin American and Caribbean Health Sciences Literature, and the Center for Reviews and Dissemination at the University of York, as well as reports from different Latin-American and European agencies covering the period 2009–2026. Key characteristics of the included studies were summarized following the Consolidated Health Economic Evaluation Reporting Standards 2022 guidelines. Quality and comparability were assessed through the respective tools. The review was registered in the Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (CRD42025633693). Results A total of 12 studies were included: 10 evaluated the RTS,S/AS01 vaccine, 1 evaluated R21/Matrix-M, and 1 was not specified. According to the Quality of Health Economic Studies methodology, 2 studies were classified as high quality, 7 as medium quality, and 3 as low quality. None showed high comparability with the Colombian context. The cost per prevented disability-adjusted life-years ranged between 87 and 321 USD per prevented disability-adjusted life-years. Conclusions Direct comparative analyses between available malaria vaccines are needed. Although existing models are largely applicable to African settings, substantial adaptation is required for the American context.
Identifying effective conservation and restoration priorities in agricultural landscapes is a key challenge for environmental governance. While scientific assessments often guide these decisions, local perceptions provide valuable insights into how communities experience environmental change and prioritize ecosystem protection. This study integrates social perceptions with spatial locations to identify socially perceived conservation and restoration priorities among a sample of inhabitants of the Colombian Coffee Region, a biodiversity-rich agricultural landscape facing increasing pressures from land-use change, urban expansion, and tourism development. We applied a mixed-methods approach by analyzing social survey data through frequency analyses and integrating the spatial locations of identified priority areas. Stakeholder interviews complemented the survey results by providing deeper insights into the perspectives of key stakeholders. Survey responses were coded and linked to spatial land-cover categories to assess how perceived priorities are distributed across the landscape. Frequency analyses were used to examine differences in perceptions between urban and rural residents and between landowners and non-landowners. Rivers and associated riparian ecosystems emerged as the most frequently identified priorities for both conservation and restoration, reflecting their central role in water provision and ecosystem functioning. Rural residents and landowners prioritized rivers and forests, whereas urban residents and non-landowners more frequently identified urban ecosystems as priority areas. Spatial analysis revealed substantial overlap between areas perceived as priorities for conservation and restoration. Respondents most frequently identified agriculture, pollution, and urban expansion as environmental threats, while interviews highlighted governance challenges, economic inequality, and poorly regulated tourism as key drivers of environmental degradation. These findings highlight the importance of integrating social perceptions into spatial planning to better align restoration strategies with local priorities and strengthen environmental governance in socio-ecological landscapes.
Polypropylene is transparent to microwave radiation and requires blending with other materials like carbon nanotubes, carbon black, activated carbon, among others, to leverage its dielectric properties in microwave-oriented processes. The present work evaluates the characteristics of three different types of biochar, pyrolyzed from agro-industrial waste biomasses, namely Coffee husk, Palm kernel shell and Cocoa husk, for their potential use as microwave absorbers when blending with polypropylene during polypropylene pyrolysis. The dielectric properties reported herein show a strong dependence on biomass type, particle size, and percentage of biochar in the blend with polypropylene. The method for estimating the dielectric parameters (ϵr, tanδ) of biochar builds upon recent literature to allow measuring non-homogeneous solid samples with resonant sensor design. The highest values of loss tangent are observed for cocoa biochar (tan δ = 0.53), followed by coffee biochar (tan δ = 0.38) and palm biochar (tan δ = 0.18) at 1.5 GHz. It is found that biochar samples produced at 500°C exhibited negligible absorption (tan δ < 0.10). Coffee biochar outperforms the other types of biochar as a microwave absorber for the pyrolysis of polypropylene; this result is supported by measured dielectric properties. The pyrolysis of biochar–polypropylene blends were characterized by low condensable product yields, associated with the occurrence of electric arcs and microplasma that generated rapid, transient temperature increases. These conditions promote propylene and ethylene production, with values exceeding 10% and 5%, respectively, measured by Gas Chromatography. Average temperatures of up to 700°C were measured using the coffee biochar–polypropylene blend containing 50% polypropylene, which achieved a theoretical conversion of 83.71%, the highest among the samples evaluated. The proposed methodology provides criteria for designing efficient biochar-based microwave absorbers for plastic chemical recycling.
Hypercritical fallback accretion can advect the surface magnetic field of a newborn neutron star into the newly accreted outer layers. Before this material joins the solid crust and enters the Hall-Ohmic regime, part of it may remain hot, dense, and liquid. This short-lived fluid stage may support turbulent magnetic amplification. We test whether a small-scale dynamo (SSD) can be activated under thermodynamic conditions of the liquid post-hypercritical layer. We quantify the associated growth rates, amplification factors, and saturation levels, adopting a matter density rho(0) = 10(10) g cm(-3) and a temperature T-0 = 2 & times; 10(9) K. We perform six local 3D resistive MHD simulations with FLASH 4.7 in a (100 m)(3) periodic domain with externally forced subsonic turbulence. The reference model uses the Helmholtz equation of state (EOS) and neutrino cooling. Three runs with a 1283 mesh resolution vary the magnetic Reynolds number (R-m similar to 700-3700), two control runs isolate the effect of the EOS and neutrino cooling, and one 256(3) resolution run tests the robustness of the reference case. For R-m similar to 700-3700, the magnetic field grows exponentially from B-0 = 10(12) G and saturates at B-sat similar to 3-7 & times; 10(13) G within millisecond timescales. The saturated magnetic energy remains sub-equipartition, with a magnetic-to-kinetic energy ratio f(sat) = E-mag/E-kin approximate to 0.2-0.3, consistent with an SSD behavior at magnetic Prandtl number P-m similar to 1. The results of the 128(3) and 256(3) reference runs agree to within a few percent. Neutrino cooling does not affect the dynamics over the simulated time, and the choice of EOS changes the dynamo metrics only weakly in the subsonic regime explored here. These simulations show that a forced local SSD can operate efficiently in a liquid post-hypercritical accretion layer. Further simulations in a stratified, decaying post-fallback flow over the lifetime and energy reservoir of the inherited turbulence are needed for assessing the global model of magnetic reemergence and amplification.
Conventional Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) studies of agricultural systems frequently utilize mass-based functional units, neglecting the consideration of product quality integration. This study aims to address this gap by integrating agronomic productivity, bioactive quality (pungency), and environmental footprint into a unified LCA framework for Rocoto chili cultivation. The study will employ primary high-fidelity experimental data for the LCA to ensure attributable comparisons between eight different cultivation scenarios. An attributional LCA was conducted between scenarios in accordance with ISO 14040-44 standards. A 2³ factorial design was employed to evaluate eight scenarios, combining low-tech greenhouse (LGT) /open-field cultivation, normal/stress irrigation, and biochar/conventional fertilization. The system boundaries followed a cradle-to-gate approach, encompassing seedling production through harvest. The primary inventory data were derived from a one-year controlled field experiment. The environmental impacts were assessed in SimaPro, with a functional unit based on a pungency of 70,000 SHU. The yield was measured at the time of harvest. The quantification of capsaicinoid content was performed via high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The findings of this study demonstrate that conventional LTG cultivation with standard irrigation techniques achieved the highest yield, measuring 22.19 tons per hectare, but a weaker pungency of 69,457 SHU. In contrast, the organic LTG system with biochar and conventional irrigation methods yielded fruits with the highest pungency (125,601 SHU) and a substantial yield of 16.80 tons per hectare. This system also exhibited the lowest environmental impact in five of six assessed categories, including climate change (0.092 kg CO₂ eq/FU). The utilization of biochar in these systems has been demonstrated to result in a consistent reduction of environmental loads. Conversely, open-field conditions have demonstrated a tendency to yield suboptimal outcomes, exhibiting reduced yields and pungency results when compared to LTG systems. This study establishes that the environmental sustainability of Rocoto cultivation is governed by system choice and nutrient management. The organic LTG system with biochar emerged as the best strategy, balancing high quality with reduced environmental footprint. Crucially, employing a pungency-based functional unit redefined environmental efficiency, demonstrating that prioritizing product quality transforms Life Cycle Assessments. This integrated approach provides a transformative framework for high-value crop production.
