National University of Río Cuarto

The liquid fraction of digestate from biogas production can have varying agricultural impacts, influenced by the type of feedstock and the processing methods used. This study evaluated digestates obtained from pig manure, supplemented with co-substrates such as vicia/rye silage (EN), corn/sorghum silage (BE), and residues from dairy production, slaughter, and peanut processing (3C). Moreover, the impact of post-anaerobic stabilization of the liquid fraction of digestate was evaluated. The physical, chemical, and microbiological characteristics of the liquid fractions (LFs), both before and after the post-anaerobic stabilization process (SLFs) (SLFs), were analyzed. Phytotoxicity tests on Lactuca sativa and Raphanus sativus revealed a significant inhibitory effect of LFs at concentrations above 10

Since the first description of an Azospirillum-like bacterium in 1925 by Martinus Beijerinck in The Netherlands, this genus has become a cornerstone of plant–microbe interactions and sustainable agriculture worldwide. Over the past century, Azospirillum has been extensively studied for its ability to promote plant growth, enhance stress tolerance, and contribute to nutrient acquisition, particularly in cereals and legumes. These functions are mediated by multiple mechanisms, including nitrogen fixation, phytohormone production, and the modulation of the root architecture by effector molecules. This review presents a comprehensive synthesis of the historical and current research on Azospirillum and its impact in agriculture and beyond. It explores its taxonomic expansion, physiological versatility, genetic manipulation, and interactions with plant hosts and other microorganisms. It also examines its agronomical impact on extensive and intensive cropping systems, both individually and mixed in microbial consortia. Advances in formulation technologies and regulatory frameworks for commercial inoculants are discussed, as well as cutting-edge tools such as artificial intelligence and multi-omics integration that are reshaping how we understand and deploy this bacterium. Beyond agriculture, Azospirillum has proven valuable in environmental contexts such as revegetation of degraded lands, bioremediation of contaminated soils, and ecological restoration in arid zones. Its capacity to colonize diverse hosts, survive extreme conditions, and contribute to ecosystem processes underscores its potential far beyond agriculture. One hundred years after its first scientific mention, Azospirillum remains not only relevant but also vital. As the world moves toward more sustainable agricultural and ecological systems, this review reaffirms the legacy and promise of this genus.

This paper introduces SATFuL, a SAT solver for fuzzy logics. In contrast to the Boolean case, for which numerous SAT solvers exist, the SAT problem for fuzzy logics has attracted less attention, even though these tools have interesting applications. Unlike existing SAT solvers for fuzzy logics, SATFuL uses MINLP (Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programming) solvers to check the satisfiability of fuzzy formulas. This approach offers certain benefits; for instance, our tool can handle all major variations of fuzzy propositional logic, whereas other fuzzy solvers are usually tailored to specific versions of fuzzy logic. We conduct some experiments and demonstrate that the performance of our tool is comparable with state-of-the-art fuzzy solvers for Lukasiewicz logic, and outperforms available solvers for Product logic. The approach is sound and complete and can be easily extended to accommodate new fuzzy operators.

Chilling stress is a significant constraint on the growth and productivity of many crops. Pre-exposing seedlings to mild chilling stress—a strategy known as stress-specific priming—can enhance their tolerance to subsequent cold conditions. In this study, we investigated how such pre-exposure affects proline (Pro) metabolism in barley (Hordeum vulgare L.) seedlings subjected to chilling stress. Seedlings primed through prior exposure exhibited significantly higher levels of free Pro (2 ± 0.01 mol/g.FW), particularly in the roots, where this accumulation was associated with increased biosynthesis (40 ± 1

The Famatinian arc provides an extensive cross section through an ancient magmatic arc, elucidating the evolution of subduction-related magmatism and the generation of the continental crust. Although the mantle-crust transition is not exposed, integrated field observations and laboratory analyses allow the reconstruction of a spatiotemporal model for the arc's thermal structure and magmatic evolution. The resulting cross section demonstrates that depth-dependent petrological processes govern igneous differentiation. At greater depths, crystallization-driven fractionation and melt-mush interactions produce variations within mafic-ultramafic complexes. From the middle crust to volcanic levels, crystal fractionation, partial melting, and the reactive assimilation of prearc host crust drive the evolution toward intermediate and silicic compositions. Comparative analysis with other ancient arcs indicates that subduction-related plutonic-volcanic columns are density filtered and organized as vertically interconnected systems. Within these trans-lithospheric magmatic columns, the influx of mantle-derived melts, multi-level crystal-melt-fluid fractionation, and assimilation of preexisting crust occur simultaneously in space and time from source to surface. ▪ The Famatinian arc represents a 30-km-thick segment of Ordovician arc crust that has undergone differential uplift along several hundred kilometers of its paleo-axis. ▪ Mantle melt input, polybaric igneous fractionation, and intracrustal melting controlled lithological and chemical diversification across the magmatic column. ▪ Extensive igneous columns transition from melt-dominated magmatic systems in the middle crust to crystal-rich mushy reservoirs in the upper crust. ▪ Comparable lithological architectures in ancient arc sections allow assessment of how the building blocks of continental crust develop over convergent plate margins.