The National University of Saint Augustine, known locally as Universidad Nacional de San Agustín (U.N.S.A.) is a public university in Arequipa, Peru. The National University of Saint Augustine has been consistently ranked as one of the top public schools in Peru and it is one of the oldest public universities in Latin America with continuous operation since its founding on November 11, 1828.The university comprises three campuses, 17 colleges, and 45 professional schools from the fields of humanities, natural sciences, biological, social sciences and engineering..
Background/Objectives: Glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonists (GLP-1RAs) have emerged as a promising therapeutic option for women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). Clinical trials and data demonstrate significant improvements in body weight, insulin resistance, hyperandrogenism, and, in some studies, menstrual regularity and reproductive outcomes. However, the current evidence base remains disproportionately focused on short-term metabolic and anthropometric endpoints, while outcomes most relevant to patients—including treatment satisfaction, gastrointestinal tolerability, psychological well-being, body image, fertility planning, financial burden, and long-term adherence—remain inadequately characterized. Methods: We searched PubMed and Google Scholar for English-language literature published between 2021 and 2026, using structured keyword searches. This narrative review evaluates the literature on GLP-1RA use in PCOS beyond weight-focused outcomes, examining mechanisms of action, comparative tolerability across agents, and patient-centered domains including quality of life, eating behavior, and reproductive planning. Results: The published literature reveals a substantial gap between trial-reported completion rates and treatment success, and actual persistence and patient satisfaction. This discrepancy is particularly consequential in PCOS, where treatment decisions intersect with high baseline rates of depression, anxiety, and body image disturbance, and where ovulatory benefits must be weighed against mandatory discontinuation before conception. Conclusions: We identify a systematic absence of validated patient-reported outcome measures, standardized core outcome sets, and long-term follow-up data after treatment withdrawal. This review proposes a research agenda prioritizing patient-centered endpoints as co-primary outcomes, structured assessment of acceptability and persistence, qualitative and mixed-methods approaches, and a dedicated study of fertility planning and treatment interruption.
Water-related ritual practices constitute a central axis through which many Andean communities articulate cosmology, social organization, and collective identity. This study examines the Fiesta del Agua (Layimama), an ancestral ritual cycle celebrated in the inter-Andean valley of Ticsani (Moquegua, southern Peru), focusing on its symbolic structure, social roles, and implications for water governance and cultural continuity. Using a qualitative, interpretive research design based on documentary analysis of ethnographic, historical, and anthropological sources, the study analyzes how ritual practices surrounding water function as mechanisms of social cohesion, moral regulation, and symbolic management of a shared natural resource. The findings show that the Fiesta del Agua operates as a cyclical system composed of four interrelated stages (preparation, ritual performance, festive redistribution, and communal closure) through which water is sacralized as an axis mundi linking cosmology, agricultural production, and social prestige. Far from being a residual tradition, the festival actively reproduces collective identity, regulates communal access to water, and integrates Andean cosmology with Catholic symbolism through dynamic forms of religious syncretism. The article argues that the ritual management of water in Ticsani represents a culturally embedded governance system whose documentation and protection are essential in contexts of increasing hydrosocial stress and cultural erosion, indicating social, ecological, and political relevance of the findings and contributing to broader debates on human–environment relations, intangible cultural heritage, and the role of ritual in sustaining communal resource management.
BACKGROUND:Peru recorded one of the world's highest COVID-19 mortality rates, with nearly 4.5 million reported cases and 220,000 deaths by March 2024. Understanding the emergence and spread of SARS-CoV-2 variants in this context is key to informing effective public health responses. This study describes the genomic diversity, transmission dynamics, and geographic spread of SARS-CoV-2 in Peru from 2020 to 2024. METHODS:We analyzed nearly 50,000 high-quality public SARS-CoV-2 genome sequences collected nationwide between March 2020 and March 2024. Phylogeographic and mutational analyses were performed to identify variant lineages, trace their origins, and map viral movements within and beyond Peru. RESULTS:We show that Peru's epidemic waves were shaped by the emergence of locally evolved variants, including Lambda (C.37), Gamma (P.1.12), and Omicron (XBB.2.6 and DJ.1) sub-lineages. The city of Lima acted as the primary hub for inter-regional spread, accounting for 47.3% of inferred viral movements to other departments, notably Ancash, Cusco, and Piura. Peru was the source of various lineages that spread internationally, primarily to Chile, the USA, and Europe. Mutational analysis highlighted critical mutations in the spike protein, including L452Q and F490S in Lambda, associated with immune evasion and increased transmissibility. CONCLUSIONS:This work demonstrates the capacity of genomic surveillance in Peru to detect and track emerging SARS-CoV-2 variants, providing insights into regional and global transmission dynamics in a high-transmission, middle-income country setting. Sustained, cost-effective genomic monitoring, combined with strengthened bioinformatics and laboratory capacity, is essential for pandemic preparedness in resource-limited settings.
Los enteroparásitos en perros y gatos son importantes en salud, algunos son zoonóticos, favorecidos por el contacto con las mascotas, afectando la salud humana. Se realizó el estudio con el objetivo de determinar la presencia de enteroparásitos en perros y gatos, el estado de salud y la asociación con las características epidemiológicas de los propietarios, de la Asociación Ramiro Prialé, Se examinaron 200 muestras de heces, mediante el método de Teleman modificado, los factores epidemiológicos fueron encuesta a cada propietario, evaluación del estado de salud de las mascotas. Se encontró que la presencia de enteroparásitos en perros y gatos fue de 11,0% distribuidos en perros Giardia lamblia 1,2%, Isospora sp. 0,6%, Blastocystis spp. 3,6%, coccidias 1,2%, Toxocara canis 3,4% y Toxocara leonina 1,8%; la presencia en gatos es Blastocystis spp. 12,5% y Toxocara cati con 3,1%. Las características epidemiológicas de los propietarios estuvieron asociadas a la presencia de enteroparásitos en las mascotas y fueron: el nivel de conocimiento, la edad y sexo. El estado de salud de los perros y gatos fue bueno 61,0%, regular 38,5% y muy bueno 0,5% y el nivel de conocimientos de los propietarios estuvo asociado con el estado de salud y el uso de vacunas.
