NHS Tayside is an NHS board which forms one of the fourteen regions of NHS Scotland. It provides healthcare services in Angus, the City of Dundee and Perth and Kinross. NHS Tayside is headquartered at Ninewells Hospital in Dundee. It currently has one of the largest hospitals in the world and also one of the largest teaching hospitals in the world within its boundaries (Ninewells Hospital, Dundee).It has three Health and Social Care Partnerships (HSCPs): Angus, Dundee and Perth & Kinross.
BACKGROUND:Women are more likely to report suicidal ideation and make suicide attempts, while men are more likely to die by suicide. There has been much discussion of the possible contribution of masculinity (i.e., attitudes, beliefs, and behaviours understood to be 'masculine' through construction of gendered identities in local contexts) to this gender paradox of suicide. Here we report the first systematic literature review, meta-analysis, and meta-regression testing relationships between measures of masculinity and suicidality. METHODS:We searched for articles using the following search terms in Google Scholar, Web of Science, PubMed, and APA PsychINFO in July 2024 (("gender role*" OR "gender-role*" OR "sex role*" OR "sex-role*" OR "masculin*" (TOPIC)) AND ("suicid*" (TOPIC))). We excluded papers which examined non-suicidal self-injury, were not based on individual-level valid and reliable quantitative measures of masculinity and suicidality, and which did not provide sufficient statistical information to compute effect size. RESULTS:Across 23 studies the relationship between the multiple and diverse measures of masculinity and of suicidality overall was non-significant (r = 0·03 [95% CI: -0·01, 0·1], z = 1.75, p = 0.341) and showed significant heterogeneity. Given the range of operationalisations of masculinity included, and the high heterogeneity, we urge caution in interpreting the pooled overall relationship. Meta-regression showed moderation of the overall relationship by both measure of masculinity and suicidality. That is, the positive relationship between masculinity and suicidality was stronger for measures of masculinity that focussed on emotional restriction and pursuit of status, and for suicidal action than ideation. Conversely, there were inverse relationships between strength-based measures of masculinity and suicidality. LIMITATIONS:Our results demonstrated significant heterogeneity, and measures of masculinity are likely to be largely outdated. CONCLUSIONS:Our results suggest there is value in further work identifying specific aspects of contemporary psychological masculinity which link to suicidality, which is of relevance to clinical assessment and management of suicidality.
Scotland has comprehensive vision screening at age 3.5–5.5 years, with 85
This study evaluates whether expressing minimal erythema dose (MED) reference ranges in standard erythema dose (SED) units reduces variability caused by differing ultraviolet wavelengths in phototesting. Analysis of two nonphotosensitive population datasets demonstrated that converting MED from mJ cm-2 to SED substantially compresses interwaveband variation, producing reference ranges closely aligned with the original SED-defining study. These findings support the use of SED-based reference ranges to improve consistency across photodiagnostic services, while emphasizing the continued value of establishing local ranges tailored to specific equipment and populations.
BACKGROUND:Maintenance PARP inhibitor (olaparib or niraparib) treatment is commonly prescribed following carboplatin/paclitaxel chemotherapy in ovarian cancer patients, but response is compromised by adaptive drug resistance [1]. We have shown that P-gp/ABCB1 influences resistance to paclitaxel and olaparib, but similar niraparib resistance mechanisms have not been described [2, 3]. METHODS:We used qRT-PCR, Western blot, RNASeq and LC-MS/MS proteomics analysis to compare drug transporter expression in sensitive and resistant immortalised and primary patient-derived cell lines. ABCB1 and ABCG2 expression was modified by shRNA-mediated knockdown and heterologous expression, with chemosensitivity changes assessed by MTT and clonogenic assays. Substrate specificity of P-gp and BCRP was assessed by efflux assays in polarised cells. RESULTS:P-gp/ABCB1 expression was not increased in A2780nirapR cells, which alternatively up-regulated BCRP/ABCG2. ABCG2 was consistently induced in niraparib-resistant patients, but ABCB1 only in patients pre-treated with paclitaxel. shABCG2 re-sensitised A2780nirapR cells, while heterologous expression in A2780 cells induced drug resistance. Efflux assays confirmed that olaparib and niraparib are both P-gp and BCRP substrates, suggesting that resistance results from transcriptional regulation of efflux transporters not substrate specificity. CONCLUSIONS:Treatment-induced BCRP/ABCG2 induction is a novel clinically relevant niraparib resistance biomarker. Routine inclusion of paclitaxel in first-line chemotherapy regimens may promote efflux transporter-mediated resistance, compromising response to PARPi maintenance treatment.
