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Zusammenfassung Immunsupprimierte Patienten stellen eine besondere Herausforderung in der thoraxonkologischen Therapie dar. Infektiöse Komplikationen unter Chemotherapie einerseits sowie fehlende Wirksamkeit der onkologischen Therapie unter Immuntherapie anderseits können die Therapieauswahl erschweren. ALK-Translokationen sind seltene Treibermutationen bei nicht-kleinzelligen Lungenkarzinomen. In der Literatur ist die Behandlung ALK-positiver transplantierter Patienten bislang nicht beschrieben.
Background and aims:Central obesity, commonly assessed using waist circumference (WC), is strongly associated with cardiometabolic risk. While lifestyle interventions and glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor agonist-based therapies (GLP-1RA-based therapies) reduce body weight, their effects on WC and factors influencing response remain incompletely characterised. This systematic review and meta-analysis evaluated the effects of these interventions on WC in randomised controlled trials (RCTs). Methods:Following PRISMA 2020 guidelines, we searched PubMed for RCTs published between 2010 and 2025 that reported outcomes related to WC or visceral adipose tissue in adults. Eligible interventions included diet, exercise, diet plus exercise, and GLP-1RA-based therapies. Data from 27 intervention-comparator study arms (21 RCTs; n = 3196) were pooled using random-effects models to estimate between-group mean differences in WC change. Meta-regression explored associations between baseline characteristics and WC response. Publication bias was assessed using funnel plots and Egger's test. Results:Interventions were associated with significant reductions in WC (MD: -4.36 cm; 95% CI: -4.97 to -3.74; prediction interval: -6.98 to -1.73). Subgroup analyses demonstrated significant reductions for GLP-1RATs (MD -5.93 cm; 95% CI -7.88 to -3.98) and diet-alone interventions (MD -3.46 cm; 95% CI -5.91 to -1.00). Exercise-only and diet-plus-exercise interventions showed more variable effects, and subgroup differences were not statistically significant. Exploratory meta-regression suggested potential associations between baseline anthropometric measures, age, and WC reduction, although these findings should be interpreted cautiously. WC change was positively associated with visceral adipose tissue change at the study-arm level. Funnel plots suggested possible small-study effects (Egger's p = 0.0025). Conclusions:GLP-1RA-based therapies and dietary interventions were associated with reductions in WC in adults. WC may serve as a practical anthropometric marker of intervention response, although observed associations with visceral adipose tissue were derived from study-arm-level analyses. Further studies are needed to better define predictors of treatment response.
Osteoarthritis (OA) is prevalent in the Indian subcontinent and Southeast Asia, causing pain, reduced mobility, and disability. Genetic, lifestyle, and comorbidity factors contribute to earlier onset and more severe disease than in Western populations. Conventional therapies mainly provide symptomatic relief and are limited by adverse effects, underscoring the need for safe, effective adjuncts. Nutraceuticals, particularly undenatured type II collagen, have emerged as promising options. An evidence-based analysis showed that undenatured type II collagen (40 mg/day) improves pain, stiffness, function, and quality of life in early-to-moderate OA (Grades 1-3), with benefits observed within eight weeks, improved compliance, and non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug-sparing effects. Comparative evidence favors UC-II® (Lonza Greenwood LLC, USA) over other sources, highlighting the importance of product selection. Expert consensus recommends undenatured type II collagen as a nutraceutical adjunct with physiotherapy for long-term use in responders. Future research should include larger trials, biomarker studies, MRI imaging, and real-world data to confirm disease-modifying potential.
This paper presents a simulated design of a label-free guided mode resonance–based biosensor for the early diagnosis of cancer. A nano-pattern periodic film of biomarker is induced on a waveguide mode to produce a waveguide-mode resonant gratings effect. With the incorporation of resonant waveguide grating (RWG) technology, the sensor exhibits sharp resonance peaks at 61.8 nm in E polarization and 60 nm in H polarization under normal incidence. As the angle of incidence increases beyond the resonance peak splits into double resonance and widens accordingly. The detection and quantification of the biomarkers in the grating layer of the proposed biosensor decides the up-regulation or down-regulation of the biomarkers in the blood/serum of the patient. The proposed sensor design can sense the binding events in the range of 3nm to 5nm scale thickness marking the sensitivity in picomolar (pM) range. The proposed label-free biosensor exhibits a low surface-localized effective refractive index(RI) sensitivity of approximately 3 nm/RIU over the RI range of 1.48–1.52, offering marginal signal stability and enabling reliable real-time detection with minimal sample processing. The proposed simulated biosensor detects cancer-causing alterations by sensing variations in chaperone concentration, with 68 nM taken as the standard prognostic reference.
